Stainless Steel 1.4565 WT-SA
Finish state
EN 1.4565 · UNS S34565 · also Alloy 4565 / B66
WT-SA = welded Tube, Solution Annealed
Choose for welded heat-exchanger and condenser tubing: the full-body solution anneal after welding and bead working removes weld segregation and secures pitting resistance.
Values for the WT-SA condition
Other 1.4565 tempers and conditions
1.4565 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4565.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WT-SAThis page Welded Tube, Solution Annealed | Choose for welded heat-exchanger and condenser tubing: the full-body solution anneal after welding and bead working removes weld segregation and secures pitting resistance. | 440 | 820 | 45 | 210 HB | 1.9 % IACS |
forgings and flanges | Specify for valve bodies, flanges and fittings delivered forged then solution annealed, with mechanical properties close to solution annealed plate at 450 MPa yield. | 450 | 830 | 45 | 220 HB | 1.9 % IACS |
SADefault Solution Annealed | Standard supply condition after solution annealing at 1100-1180 °C with rapid quench; pick for most corrosive duty in plate, tube and forgings, with 460 MPa yield and best toughness. | 460 | 850 | 50 | 18 HRC | 1.9 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Choose cold drawn or peeled bar in small diameters when 700 MPa yield and dimensional accuracy beat the solution annealed state, for example pump shafts and fastener blanks. | 700 | 950 | 30 | 28 HRC | 12 W/m·K |
Cold Worked High Strength | Use this strain hardened, roughly quarter-hard bar or wire for non-magnetic marine and downhole parts and high-strength bolting at 900 MPa yield, trading elongation down to 20%. | 900 | 1,100 | 20 | 34 HRC | 1.9 % IACS |
What is 1.4565 WT-SA?
1.4565 WT-SA is 1.4565 supplied in the WT-SA condition — choose for welded heat-exchanger and condenser tubing: the full-body solution anneal after welding and bead working removes weld segregation and secures pitting resistance. 1.4565 WT-SA has a yield strength of 440 MPa (63.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 820 MPa (119 ksi) — stronger than 68% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 190 GPa (27.6 Msi). 1.4565 WT-SA has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,350°C (2,462 °F). SA is the default condition FabDigit quotes; WT-SA is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Good corrosion resistance — 88/100, better than 97% of stainless steel grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 190 MPa·√m (172.9 ksi·√in), better than 77% of stainless steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 76% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Difficult to machine — 22/100, worse than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Poor heat conductor — 12 W/m·K (6.93 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 93% of stainless steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 1.9 % IACS, worse than 84% of stainless steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 5.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
1.4565 WT-SA properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4565 WT-SA; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4565 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4565 WT-SA has a density of 8 g/cm³ (0.289 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,350°C (2,462 °F).
Mechanical17
1.4565 WT-SA has a yield strength of 440 MPa (63.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 820 MPa (119 ksi) — stronger than 68% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 190 GPa (27.6 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4565 WT-SA is rated for continuous service to 450°C (842 °F). It conducts heat at 12 W/m·K (6.93 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 93% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 15 µm/m·K (8.33 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4565 WT-SA conducts electricity at 1.9 % IACS, worse than 84% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (88/100), better than 97% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4565 WT-SA takes about 75 MJ of energy and emits 5.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 84% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 45%.
Manufacturability7
1.4565 WT-SA's machinability is poor (22/100, worse than 95% of stainless steel grades); weldability good (65/100); formability good (55/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4565 WT-SA
Is 1.4565 easy to machine?
Work hardening is extreme, so use rigid high-power machines, sharp positive-rake tooling, low speed with heavy feed and a continuous cut with ample coolant. Avoid air passes and rubbing, which build a hardened layer on the surface.
Can 1.4565 be welded?
GTAW, GMAW, PAW and SMAW are all usable with over-alloyed nickel-base filler (ERNiCrMo-3, -13 or -14). Hold interpass temperature below 150 °C with low heat input and no preheat; post-weld solution treatment can be used to restore optimum corrosion resistance.
Can 1.4565 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold ductility is good, but springback and forming loads are high, roughly 1.5-2 times those for 316. Hot work at 1150-1200 °C, finish forging no lower than 950 °C, and always solution anneal and quench after hot work.
What surface finishes work on 1.4565?
Not anodizable. Pickle plus nitric passivation, or electropolish; weld oxide scale must be removed completely to maintain pitting resistance.
1.4565 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon, resists intergranular corrosion | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| Mnincreases nitrogen solubility | 5 – 7 | 6 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Cr | 24 – 26 | 25 |
| Ni | 16 – 19 | 17.5 |
| Mo | 4 – 5 | 4.5 |
| Nsolid-solution strengthening, greatly raises pitting resistance | 0.4 – 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Nb | ≤ 0.15 | 0.05 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4565 WT-SA — frequently asked
What is 1.4565 WT-SA used for?
1.4565 WT-SA is typically used for pulp and paper digesters, chemical tankers, seawater equipment and high-strength piping systems. In short: highest strength superaustenitic; weight-saving chloride grade; nitrogen and manganese alloyed.
What is the yield strength of 1.4565 WT-SA?
1.4565 WT-SA has a typical yield strength of 440 MPa (63.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 820 MPa (119 ksi) — stronger than 68% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 1.4565 WT-SA easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (22/100, worse than 95% of stainless steel grades). Work hardening is extreme, so use rigid high-power machines, sharp positive-rake tooling, low speed with heavy feed and a continuous cut with ample coolant. Avoid air passes and rubbing, which build a hardened layer on the surface.
Can 1.4565 WT-SA be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (65/100). GTAW, GMAW, PAW and SMAW are all usable with over-alloyed nickel-base filler (ERNiCrMo-3, -13 or -14). Hold interpass temperature below 150 °C with low heat input and no preheat; post-weld solution treatment can be used to restore optimum corrosion resistance.
What surface finishes work on 1.4565 WT-SA?
Not anodizable. Pickle plus nitric passivation, or electropolish; weld oxide scale must be removed completely to maintain pitting resistance.
Can 1.4565 WT-SA be formed, bent or molded?
Cold ductility is good, but springback and forming loads are high, roughly 1.5-2 times those for 316. Hot work at 1150-1200 °C, finish forging no lower than 950 °C, and always solution anneal and quench after hot work.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4565 WT-SA?
1.4565 WT-SA is rated for continuous use to about 450°C (842 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4565-SA and 1.4565 CW-HS?
SA is the default condition — standard supply condition after solution annealing at 1100-1180 °C with rapid quench; pick for most corrosive duty in plate, tube and forgings, with 460 MPa yield and best toughness. CW-HS: use this strain hardened, roughly quarter-hard bar or wire for non-magnetic marine and downhole parts and high-strength bolting at 900 MPa yield, trading elongation down to 20%. Yield strength is 460 MPa in SA versus 900 MPa in CW-HS.
Sources
- EN 10088-1/-2/-3 Stainless steels (X2CrNiMnMoN25-18-6-5, 1.4565) — CEN (2014)
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip (UNS S34565) — ASTM (2022)
- ASTM A276 / A479 — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Superaustenitic high-nitrogen stainless (Alloy 4565 S / B66) datasheet — Mill producer (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.