Technora T221
Grade
T221 = adhesive-activated yarn for rubber/resin bonding
Pick when the yarn must bond to rubber or resin (hose, belt, tire) without a separate epoxy pre-treatment.
Values for the T221 condition
Other Technora grades and fills
Technora is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at Technora.
Compare all 4 grades and fillsHide
| Grade · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rubber-reinforcement grade / dipped cord base | Use for RFL-dipped cords in high-pressure hose, timing/power-transmission belts and tire reinforcement where flex fatigue dominates. | — | 3,000 | 4.8 | — |
Short-cut / chopped fiber (1–12 mm) | Use as reinforcement/anti-squeal additive in friction materials, gaskets, sealants, cement and thermoplastic compounds. | — | 3,000 | 4.4 | — |
T221This page Adhesive-activated yarn for rubber/resin bonding | Pick when the yarn must bond to rubber or resin (hose, belt, tire) without a separate epoxy pre-treatment. | — | 3,200 | 4.5 | — |
T200Default Standard filament yarn | Default high-tenacity filament yarn for ropes, cables, optical-cable strength members and composite reinforcement. | — | 3,400 | 4.4 | — |
What is Technora T221?
Technora T221 is Technora in the T221 grade — pick when the yarn must bond to rubber or resin (hose, belt, tire) without a separate epoxy pre-treatment. Technora T221 has a tensile strength of 3,200 MPa (464 ksi), stronger than 84% of composite grades. Elongation at break is 4.5% and the elastic modulus is 70 GPa (10.2 Msi). Technora T221 has a density of 1.39 g/cm³ (0.0502 lb/in³), lighter than 66% of composite grades. Its glass-transition temperature is 300°C (572 °F). T200 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; T221 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 4.5%, better than 85% of composite grades
Limitations
- Absorbs moisture — dry before molding — 2%, worse than 88% of composite grades
- Poor heat conductor — 0.05 W/m·K (0.0289 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 87% of composite grades
- Degrades in UV without stabilisers — 25/100, worse than 86% of composite grades
- Difficult to machine — 20/100, worse than 77% of composite grades
Technora T221 properties
Typical room-temperature values for Technora T221; 11 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Technora reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among composite grades.
Physical4
Technora T221 has a density of 1.39 g/cm³ (0.0502 lb/in³), lighter than 66% of composite grades. Its glass-transition temperature is 300°C (572 °F).
Mechanical6
Technora T221 has a tensile strength of 3,200 MPa (464 ksi), stronger than 84% of composite grades. Elongation at break is 4.5% and the elastic modulus is 70 GPa (10.2 Msi).
Thermal8
Technora T221 is rated for continuous service to 190°C (374 °F). It conducts heat at 0.05 W/m·K (0.0289 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 87% of composite grades. Thermal expansion is -3 µm/m·K (-1.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Technora T221 has an electrical resistivity of 1×10¹¹ Ω·m.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (78/100), worse than 52% of composite grades. UV resistance is poor.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Technora T221 takes about 260 MJ of energy and emits 15 kg of CO₂ — more than 57% of composite grades. Typical recycled content is 0%.
Manufacturability1
Technora T221's machinability is poor (20/100, worse than 77% of composite grades).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Technora T221
Is Technora easy to machine?
Cutting fuzzes badly — use hot knife, ultrasonic or laser for fabric, and PCD/serrated or compression-router tooling with sharp positive rake for cured laminates; expect no melting, only charring.
Can Technora be welded?
Not weldable or fusible (decomposes ~500 °C without melting); join by stitching, splicing, mechanical termination or adhesive/resin bonding.
Can Technora be formed, bent or molded?
Processed as yarn, cord, woven/UD fabric or short-cut fiber into thermoset (epoxy, phenolic, vinyl ester) or rubber matrices; low compression strength means avoid fiber-direction compressive loading and consider hybridizing with carbon or glass.
What surface finishes work on Technora?
Use RFL/epoxy dip or adhesive-activated grade (T221/T240) for rubber and resin adhesion; protect from sunlight with pigmented jackets, coatings or overbraids because UV strength loss is rapid.
Technora chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| terephthaloyl chloride (terephthalamide mol % of monomer feed; acid chloride component | 48 – 52 | 50 |
| p-phenylenediamine (PPD)mol %; rigid para unit | 20 – 30 | 25 |
| 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (3,4'-ODA)mol %; co-monomer giving the copolymer its higher elongation and hydrolysis resistance | 20 – 30 | 25 |
| finish / spin oilsurface finish on filament yarn (wt %) | 0.2 – 1.5 | 0.5 |
Technora T221 — frequently asked
What is Technora T221 used for?
Technora T221 is typically used for submarine cables, optical fiber cable strength members, tire cords and ropes. In short: highest-elongation para-aramid; best aramid fatigue resistance; adhesive-activated yarn grades.
What is the tensile strength of Technora T221?
Technora T221 has a typical tensile strength of 3,200 MPa (464 ksi) — stronger than 84% of composite grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is Technora T221 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (20/100, worse than 77% of composite grades). Cutting fuzzes badly — use hot knife, ultrasonic or laser for fabric, and PCD/serrated or compression-router tooling with sharp positive rake for cured laminates; expect no melting, only charring.
Can Technora T221 be welded?
Not weldable or fusible (decomposes ~500 °C without melting); join by stitching, splicing, mechanical termination or adhesive/resin bonding.
What surface finishes work on Technora T221?
Use RFL/epoxy dip or adhesive-activated grade (T221/T240) for rubber and resin adhesion; protect from sunlight with pigmented jackets, coatings or overbraids because UV strength loss is rapid.
Can Technora T221 be formed, bent or molded?
Processed as yarn, cord, woven/UD fabric or short-cut fiber into thermoset (epoxy, phenolic, vinyl ester) or rubber matrices; low compression strength means avoid fiber-direction compressive loading and consider hybridizing with carbon or glass.
What is the maximum service temperature of Technora T221?
Technora T221 is rated for continuous use to about 190°C (374 °F), and briefly to 300°C. Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- Technora Para-aramid Fiber — Technical Information — Teijin Aramid / Teijin Limited (2023)
- High-Performance Fibres (ed. J. W. S. Hearle) — aramid chapter — Woodhead Publishing (2001)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 21: Composites — aramid fiber reinforcements — ASM International (2001)
- CES/Granta generic aramid fiber records (LCA and mechanical ranges) — Ansys Granta (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.