Steel AF1410 Normalized
Heat-treated state
UNS K92571
Grain-refining pre-treatment before austenitize/quench/age; supplied on some bar orders.
Values for the Normalized condition
Other AF1410 tempers and conditions
AF1410 is listed in 7 conditions; see the grade overview at AF1410.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
machining condition | Softest supplied condition for rough machining and forming before final heat treatment. | 830 | 1,030 | 20 | 31 HRC | — |
Austenitized 830 °C, quenched + refrigerated | Intermediate as-quenched martensite; not a service condition — must be aged. | 970 | 1,310 | 18 | 41 HRC | 2.5 % IACS |
NormalizedThis page Normalized ≈900 °C, air cool | Grain-refining pre-treatment before austenitize/quench/age; supplied on some bar orders. | 1,100 | 1,400 | 17 | 42 HRC | 2.8 % IACS |
As-welded + re-aged (GTAW with matching filler) | Weld joint condition after post-weld re-aging; joint efficiency typically 90–95 % of base metal. | 1,400 | 1,550 | 12 | 46 HRC | 2.7 % IACS |
Q + aged 538 °C | Use where fracture toughness and SCC resistance outrank peak strength. | 1,420 | 1,540 | 17 | 45 HRC | — |
Aged 950FDefault Q + aged 510 °C (950 °F) 5 h, air cool | The standard aerospace condition: ~1650 MPa with ~155 MPa·√m toughness for landing gear and hook shanks. | 1,520 | 1,660 | 16 | 48 HRC | — |
Q + aged 482 °C (900 °F) 5 h | Choose when maximum strength is required and toughness demand is moderate. | 1,620 | 1,790 | 14 | 52 HRC | — |
What is AF1410 Normalized?
AF1410 Normalized is AF1410 heat treated to Normalized — grain-refining pre-treatment before austenitize/quench/age; supplied on some bar orders. AF1410 Normalized has a yield strength of 1,100 MPa (160 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,400 MPa (203 ksi) — stronger than 93% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 17% and the elastic modulus is 196 GPa (28.4 Msi). AF1410 Normalized has a density of 7.89 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). Aged 950F is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Normalized is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Polishes to a fine finish — 75/100, better than 94% of steel grades
- High strength — 1,100 MPa (160 ksi), better than 93% of steel grades
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 6.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 98% of steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 2.8 % IACS, worse than 94% of steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 27/100, worse than 92% of steel grades
- Poor heat conductor — 25 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 88% of steel grades
- Limited formability — 18/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
AF1410 Normalized properties
Typical room-temperature values for AF1410 Normalized; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are AF1410 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
AF1410 Normalized has a density of 7.89 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical15
AF1410 Normalized has a yield strength of 1,100 MPa (160 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,400 MPa (203 ksi) — stronger than 93% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 17% and the elastic modulus is 196 GPa (28.4 Msi).
Thermal6
AF1410 Normalized is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 25 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 88% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.6 µm/m·K (6.44 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
AF1410 Normalized conducts electricity at 2.8 % IACS, worse than 94% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (18/100), better than 83% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of AF1410 Normalized takes about 78 MJ of energy and emits 6.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 98% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 15%.
Manufacturability5
AF1410 Normalized's machinability is poor (27/100, worse than 92% of steel grades); weldability good (65/100); formability poor (18/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with AF1410 Normalized
Is AF1410 easy to machine?
Rough machine in the overaged/annealed condition (~31 HRC); finish at 48 HRC with rigid setups, carbide or CBN, low speed and heavy positive rake, and leave grind stock on critical surfaces.
Can AF1410 be welded?
Better weldable than 300M/4340 thanks to the low carbon: GTAW/EBW with matching filler, clean dry conditions, no preheat required, and re-age at the original aging temperature after welding.
Can AF1410 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work 1050–1150 °C then normalize; cold forming is impractical in any hardened condition — form only in the annealed state with generous radii.
What surface finishes work on AF1410?
Grind carefully to avoid grinding burn; protect with Cd or IVD-aluminium plating (or Al-ceramic coatings) plus a 190 °C hydrogen embrittlement relief bake within 4 h of plating; shot peen fillets for fatigue life.
AF1410 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.13 – 0.17 | 0.15 |
| Ni | 9.5 – 10.5 | 10 |
| Co | 13.5 – 14.5 | 14 |
| Cr | 1.8 – 2.2 | 2 |
| Mo | 0.9 – 1.1 | 1 |
| Mn | ≤ 0.1 | 0.03 |
| Si | ≤ 0.1 | 0.03 |
| P | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| S | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Timax, residual | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Omax, VIM-VAR cleanliness | ≤ 0 | 8×10⁻⁴ |
| Fe | balance | — |
AF1410 Normalized — frequently asked
What is AF1410 Normalized used for?
AF1410 Normalized is typically used for landing gear forgings, arresting hook shanks and high-toughness structural members. In short: weldable UHS steel; tougher than 300M; landing gear forging grade.
What is the yield strength of AF1410 Normalized?
AF1410 Normalized has a typical yield strength of 1,100 MPa (160 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,400 MPa (203 ksi) — stronger than 93% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is AF1410 Normalized easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (27/100, worse than 92% of steel grades). Rough machine in the overaged/annealed condition (~31 HRC); finish at 48 HRC with rigid setups, carbide or CBN, low speed and heavy positive rake, and leave grind stock on critical surfaces.
Can AF1410 Normalized be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (65/100). Better weldable than 300M/4340 thanks to the low carbon: GTAW/EBW with matching filler, clean dry conditions, no preheat required, and re-age at the original aging temperature after welding.
What surface finishes work on AF1410 Normalized?
Grind carefully to avoid grinding burn; protect with Cd or IVD-aluminium plating (or Al-ceramic coatings) plus a 190 °C hydrogen embrittlement relief bake within 4 h of plating; shot peen fillets for fatigue life.
Can AF1410 Normalized be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work 1050–1150 °C then normalize; cold forming is impractical in any hardened condition — form only in the annealed state with generous radii.
What is the maximum service temperature of AF1410 Normalized?
AF1410 Normalized is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between AF1410 Aged 950F and AF1410 SHT-Q?
Aged 950F is the default condition — the standard aerospace condition: ~1650 MPa with ~155 MPa·√m toughness for landing gear and hook shanks. SHT-Q: intermediate as-quenched martensite; not a service condition — must be aged. Yield strength is 1,520 MPa in Aged 950F versus 970 MPa in SHT-Q.
Sources
- AMS 6527 — Steel Bars, Forgings, Tubing 14Co-10Ni-2Cr-1Mo (AF1410), Consumable Electrode Vacuum Melted — SAE International (2019)
- AMS 6528 — AF1410 Steel Plate and Sheet — SAE International (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys (Ultrahigh-Strength Steels) — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 19: Fatigue and Fracture — ASM International (1996)
- MMPDS — Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (high-strength steel chapters) — Battelle/FAA (2023)
- Ni-Co secondary-hardening ultra-high-strength steel bar datasheets (Carpenter/Latrobe/Universal Stainless class products) — Specialty steel producers (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.