Steel 23QG090-DR
Grade
EN 23QG090
DR = laser/mechanically domain-refined (scribed) low-loss variant
Pick the laser or mechanically domain-refined (scribed) variant for stacked large transformers chasing the lowest no-load loss; it cannot be stress-relief annealed, as that destroys the scribing.
Values for the DR condition
Other 23QG090 tempers and conditions
23QG090 is listed in 2 conditions; see the grade overview at 23QG090.
- SRA
- DR
Compare all 2 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stress-relief annealed after shearing | Choose after shearing or core winding when working stress must be removed at about 800 °C in protective atmosphere to restore core loss and permeability; valid only for non-scribed material. | 295 | 335 | 13 | 171 HB | 3.6 % IACS |
DRThis page Laser/mechanically domain-refined (scribed) low-loss variant | Pick the laser or mechanically domain-refined (scribed) variant for stacked large transformers chasing the lowest no-load loss; it cannot be stress-relief annealed, as that destroys the scribing. | 315 | 350 | 9 | 185 HB | 3.6 % IACS |
What is 23QG090-DR?
23QG090-DR is 23QG090 in the DR grade — pick the laser or mechanically domain-refined (scribed) variant for stacked large transformers chasing the lowest no-load loss; it cannot be stress-relief annealed, as that destroys the scribing. 23QG090-DR has a yield strength of 315 MPa (45.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) — weaker than 82% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 9% and the elastic modulus is 120 GPa (17.4 Msi). 23QG090-DR has a density of 7.65 g/cm³ (0.276 lb/in³), lighter than 97% of steel grades. It melts at 1,470°C (2,678 °F).
Advantages
- Good corrosion resistance — 25/100, better than 92% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low stiffness — 120 GPa (17.4 Msi), worse than 99% of steel grades
- Hard to polish — 40/100, worse than 96% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 9%, worse than 93% of steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 200°C (392 °F), worse than 93% of steel grades
- Poor heat conductor — 22 W/m·K (12.7 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 93% of steel grades
23QG090-DR properties
Typical room-temperature values for 23QG090-DR; 20 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 23QG090 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
23QG090-DR has a density of 7.65 g/cm³ (0.276 lb/in³), lighter than 97% of steel grades. It melts at 1,470°C (2,678 °F).
Mechanical12
23QG090-DR has a yield strength of 315 MPa (45.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) — weaker than 82% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 9% and the elastic modulus is 120 GPa (17.4 Msi).
Thermal6
23QG090-DR is rated for continuous service to 200°C (392 °F). It conducts heat at 22 W/m·K (12.7 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 93% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.8 µm/m·K (6.56 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
23QG090-DR conducts electricity at 3.6 % IACS, worse than 85% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (25/100), better than 92% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 23QG090-DR takes about 40 MJ of energy and emits 2.9 kg of CO₂ — more than 91% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 15%.
Manufacturability7
23QG090-DR's machinability is poor (34/100, worse than 86% of steel grades); weldability poor (20/100); formability poor (25/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 23QG090-DR
Is 23QG090 easy to machine?
Processed mainly by precision blanking, slitting and cross-cutting; the high silicon content and hard coating are abrasive, so use carbide or coated dies, hold burrs to about 15 µm or less, and avoid grinding heat that degrades magnetic properties.
Can 23QG090 be welded?
TIG or laser welding can be used on fittings, but the heat-affected zone loses its grain orientation and coating and core loss rises sharply; cores themselves are stacked, banded or bonded rather than welded.
Can 23QG090 be formed, bent or molded?
The material is brittle and strongly anisotropic, so only flat shearing along the rolling direction and large-radius winding for wound cores are practical; stress-relief anneal at about 800 °C in protective atmosphere after forming, except for laser-scribed material.
What surface finishes work on 23QG090?
Delivered with a forsterite base layer plus phosphate tension insulating coating and needs no further painting; keep sheared edges dry or apply a rust-preventive varnish before assembly, and never pickle or shot blast the surface.
23QG090 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Siraises resistivity, lowers eddy-current loss | 2.9 – 3.4 | 3.1 |
| Cfinal value after decarburizing anneal, typically ≤30 ppm | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Mn | 0.03 – 0.2 | 0.1 |
| AlAlN inhibitor, key to the Hi-B process | 0.02 – 0.04 | 0.03 |
| Nforms AlN inhibitor with Al | ≤ 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Sresidual in final product; MnS inhibitor in some processes | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Cuauxiliary inhibitor added in some process routes | ≤ 0.6 | 0.2 |
| Sngrain-boundary segregating element, optional by process | ≤ 0.15 | 0.05 |
| Fe | balance | — |
23QG090-DR — frequently asked
What is 23QG090-DR used for?
23QG090-DR is typically used for EHV power transformer cores, energy-efficient transformer cores, generator step-up transformer cores, low-loss wound cores, laser-scribed core laminations and slit strip for stacked core building. In short: lowest core loss available; hi-B high-permeability grade; thinnest 0.23 mm gauge.
What is the yield strength of 23QG090-DR?
23QG090-DR has a typical yield strength of 315 MPa (45.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) — weaker than 82% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 2 listed tempers.
Is 23QG090-DR easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (34/100, worse than 86% of steel grades). Processed mainly by precision blanking, slitting and cross-cutting; the high silicon content and hard coating are abrasive, so use carbide or coated dies, hold burrs to about 15 µm or less, and avoid grinding heat that degrades magnetic properties.
Can 23QG090-DR be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (20/100). TIG or laser welding can be used on fittings, but the heat-affected zone loses its grain orientation and coating and core loss rises sharply; cores themselves are stacked, banded or bonded rather than welded.
What surface finishes work on 23QG090-DR?
Delivered with a forsterite base layer plus phosphate tension insulating coating and needs no further painting; keep sheared edges dry or apply a rust-preventive varnish before assembly, and never pickle or shot blast the surface.
Can 23QG090-DR be formed, bent or molded?
The material is brittle and strongly anisotropic, so only flat shearing along the rolling direction and large-radius winding for wound cores are practical; stress-relief anneal at about 800 °C in protective atmosphere after forming, except for laser-scribed material.
What is the maximum service temperature of 23QG090-DR?
23QG090-DR is rated for continuous use to about 200°C (392 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- IEC 60404-8-7 Specifications for individual materials — grain-oriented steel sheet and strip — IEC (2020)
- ASTM A876 Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types — ASTM International (2018)
- ORIENTCORE HI-B grain-oriented electrical steel — Nippon Steel (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials (magnetically soft materials) — ASM International (1990)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.