Solder & Low-Melting Alloy WJ2 SAND
Other
GB WJ2 · JIS H5401 WJ2
SAND = sand / gravity cast
Use for thick or one-off linings and bushings where a coarser structure and slightly lower hardness are acceptable.
Values for the SAND condition
Other WJ2 tempers and conditions
WJ2 is listed in 2 conditions; see the grade overview at WJ2.
- SAND
- CENT
Compare all 2 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SANDThis page Sand / gravity cast | Use for thick or one-off linings and bushings where a coarser structure and slightly lower hardness are acceptable. | 40 | 72 | 5 | 23 HB | 9 % IACS |
Centrifugally cast lining on steel/bronze shell | Preferred for production journal bearings: dense, gas-free lining with a strong tinned bond and thin (0.5–3 mm) wall that maximises fatigue capacity. | 47 | 88 | 4 | 26 HB | 9 % IACS |
What is WJ2 SAND?
WJ2 SAND is WJ2 in the SAND condition — use for thick or one-off linings and bushings where a coarser structure and slightly lower hardness are acceptable. WJ2 SAND has a yield strength of 40 MPa (5.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 72 MPa (10.4 ksi) — stronger than 88% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. Elongation at break is 5% and the elastic modulus is 50 GPa (7.25 Msi). WJ2 SAND has a density of 7.38 g/cm³ (0.267 lb/in³), lighter than 74% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. It melts at 241°C (466 °F).
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 90/100, better than 95% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 70/100, better than 91% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- High strength — 40 MPa (5.8 ksi), better than 88% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- Stiff — 50 GPa (7.25 Msi), better than 86% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- Conducts heat well — 53 W/m·K (30.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 75% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
Limitations
- Limited ductility — 5%, worse than 90% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
- Limited formability — 33/100, worse than 86% of solder & low-melting alloy grades
WJ2 SAND properties
Typical room-temperature values for WJ2 SAND; 19 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are WJ2 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among solder & low-melting alloy grades.
Physical3
WJ2 SAND has a density of 7.38 g/cm³ (0.267 lb/in³), lighter than 74% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. It melts at 241°C (466 °F).
Mechanical12
WJ2 SAND has a yield strength of 40 MPa (5.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 72 MPa (10.4 ksi) — stronger than 88% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. Elongation at break is 5% and the elastic modulus is 50 GPa (7.25 Msi).
Thermal6
WJ2 SAND is rated for continuous service to 115°C (239 °F). It conducts heat at 53 W/m·K (30.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 75% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 23 µm/m·K (12.8 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
WJ2 SAND conducts electricity at 9 % IACS, worse than 54% of solder & low-melting alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (54/100), better than 72% of solder & low-melting alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of WJ2 SAND takes about 280 MJ of energy and emits 17 kg of CO₂ — more than 65% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
WJ2 SAND's machinability is excellent (90/100, better than 95% of solder & low-melting alloy grades); weldability poor (22/100); formability poor (33/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with WJ2 SAND
Is WJ2 easy to machine?
Very easy to cut but gummy — use sharp, high-rake carbide or HSS tools, high speed, light feed and flood coolant; final bore is usually diamond-bored or hand-scraped to the shaft.
Can WJ2 be welded?
Not fusion welded in the normal sense; repairs are made by re-tinning the shell and puddling fresh WJ2 with a soft flame or babbitt torch, keeping the shell below ~300 °C.
Can WJ2 be formed, bent or molded?
Cast only — melt at 420–480 °C under charcoal/flux cover, pour into a pre-tinned, preheated (~250 °C) shell and chill from the back to force directional solidification and avoid Cu6Sn5 segregation.
What surface finishes work on WJ2?
Left as machined/scraped with oil grooves; no anodising or plating is applied to the lining, while the steel backing is usually tin-flashed for bonding and corrosion protection.
WJ2 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Sb | 8 – 10 | 9 |
| Cu | 5 – 6 | 5.5 |
| Pbimpurity limit | ≤ 0.35 | — |
| Feimpurity limit | ≤ 0.08 | — |
| Asimpurity limit | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Biimpurity limit | ≤ 0.08 | — |
| Znimpurity limit | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Alimpurity limit | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Cdimpurity limit | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Snbalance, tin base | balance | — |
WJ2 SAND — frequently asked
What is WJ2 SAND used for?
WJ2 SAND is typically used for industrial gearbox bearings, pump bearings and compressor bushings. In short: cost-balanced JIS Babbitt; general industrial white metal.
What is the yield strength of WJ2 SAND?
WJ2 SAND has a typical yield strength of 40 MPa (5.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 72 MPa (10.4 ksi) — stronger than 88% of solder & low-melting alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 2 listed tempers.
Is WJ2 SAND easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated excellent (90/100, better than 95% of solder & low-melting alloy grades). Very easy to cut but gummy — use sharp, high-rake carbide or HSS tools, high speed, light feed and flood coolant; final bore is usually diamond-bored or hand-scraped to the shaft.
Can WJ2 SAND be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (22/100). Not fusion welded in the normal sense; repairs are made by re-tinning the shell and puddling fresh WJ2 with a soft flame or babbitt torch, keeping the shell below ~300 °C.
What surface finishes work on WJ2 SAND?
Left as machined/scraped with oil grooves; no anodising or plating is applied to the lining, while the steel backing is usually tin-flashed for bonding and corrosion protection.
Can WJ2 SAND be formed, bent or molded?
Cast only — melt at 420–480 °C under charcoal/flux cover, pour into a pre-tinned, preheated (~250 °C) shell and chill from the back to force directional solidification and avoid Cu6Sn5 segregation.
What is the maximum service temperature of WJ2 SAND?
WJ2 SAND is rated for continuous use to about 115°C (239 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- JIS H 5401 White Metals — Japanese Standards Association (2015)
- ASTM B23 Standard Specification for White Metal Bearing Alloys — ASTM International (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2: Properties and Selection — Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.18: Friction, Lubrication and Wear Technology (bearing materials) — ASM International (2017)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.