Copper Alloy C52400-H01
Supply condition
UNS C52400 · EN CuSn12, CW454K
H01 = quarter hard
Mild cold work for parts needing moderate strength with substantial bending capability.
Values for the H01 condition
Other C52400 tempers and conditions
C52400 is listed in 10 conditions; see the grade overview at C52400.
Compare all 10 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As hot rolled | C52400 (10% tin phosphor bronze, CuSn12-type) in the as-hot-rolled mill condition — essentially unworked, giving moderate strength with high ductility and good bearing/wear behaviour. | 185 | 415 | 55 | 90 HB | 11 % IACS |
Soft annealed | Choose for deep forming, severe bending or coining before final age/work hardening. | 200 | 455 | 65 | 90 HB | 11 % IACS |
Light annealed | Light anneal when formability is still needed but soft temper is too weak/coarse-grained. | 250 | 490 | 55 | 100 HB | 11 % IACS |
H01This page Quarter hard | Mild cold work for parts needing moderate strength with substantial bending capability. | 380 | 520 | 45 | 112 HB | 11 % IACS |
Half hard | Balanced strength/formability for bushings, washers and formed contacts. | 450 | 585 | 32 | 145 HB | — |
H04Default Full hard | Default stock condition: high strength with usable ductility for bushings, wear plates, formed springs and fasteners. | 585 | 690 | 15 | 180 HB | — |
Extra hard | Higher elastic limit for flat springs formed with generous bend radii. | 655 | 760 | 8 | 14 HRC | 11 % IACS |
Spring hard | Standard choice for phosphor-bronze springs, diaphragms and clips requiring high fatigue life. | 725 | 830 | 5 | 18 HRC | 11 % IACS |
Extra spring hard | Maximum elastic limit for flat springs with only slight forming; very limited bendability. | 790 | 895 | 3 | 21 HRC | 11 % IACS |
Cold rolled and stress-relieved | Spring strip given a low-temperature stress relief for higher elastic limit, flatness and lower relaxation. | 800 | 860 | 4 | 19 HRC | 11 % IACS |
What is C52400-H01?
C52400-H01 is C52400 supplied in the H01 condition — mild cold work for parts needing moderate strength with substantial bending capability. C52400-H01 has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — stronger than 77% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 110 GPa (16 Msi). C52400-H01 has a density of 8.78 g/cm³ (0.317 lb/in³), heavier than 53% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 843°C (1,549 °F). H04 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; H01 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 45%, better than 91% of copper alloy grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 72/100, better than 84% of copper alloy grades
- Forms and bends easily — 75/100, better than 82% of copper alloy grades
- High strength — 380 MPa (55.1 ksi), better than 77% of copper alloy grades
Limitations
- Difficult to machine — 20/100, worse than 98% of copper alloy grades
- High embodied carbon — 5.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 89% of copper alloy grades
C52400-H01 properties
Typical room-temperature values for C52400-H01; 20 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are C52400 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
C52400-H01 has a density of 8.78 g/cm³ (0.317 lb/in³), heavier than 53% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 843°C (1,549 °F).
Mechanical12
C52400-H01 has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — stronger than 77% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 110 GPa (16 Msi).
Thermal6
C52400-H01 is rated for continuous service to 200°C (392 °F). It conducts heat at 50 W/m·K (28.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 66% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 18.4 µm/m·K (10.2 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C52400-H01 conducts electricity at 11 % IACS, worse than 68% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (72/100), better than 84% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C52400-H01 takes about 72 MJ of energy and emits 5.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 86% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 35%.
Manufacturability7
C52400-H01's machinability is poor (20/100, worse than 98% of copper alloy grades); weldability fair (35/100); formability very good (75/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with C52400-H01
Is C52400 easy to machine?
Rating ~20% of free-cutting brass: gummy, stringy chips — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feeds and generous flood coolant; hard tempers machine more cleanly than annealed.
Can C52400 be welded?
Fusion welding is poor (hot cracking from high Sn); prefer resistance spot/seam welding, silver brazing or soft soldering, all of which are excellent.
Can C52400 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability in O60/H02 but work-hardens fast — plan intermediate anneals at 480–620 °C; hot working is not recommended, and cold-worked parts should be stress-relieved ~190–230 °C to avoid ammonia SCC.
What surface finishes work on C52400?
Not anodizable; takes bright polishing, tin/nickel/silver/gold plating for contacts, or chemical patina and lacquer for decorative work.
C52400 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| SnEuropean CuSn12/CW454K runs 11–13% Sn | 9 – 11 | 10 |
| Pdeoxidizer, raises strength | 0.03 – 0.35 | 0.2 |
| Pb | ≤ 0.05 | — |
| Zn | ≤ 0.2 | — |
| Fe | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Curemainder, ~88–91% | balance | — |
C52400-H01 — frequently asked
What is C52400-H01 used for?
C52400-H01 is typically used for bearings, worm gears and bushings. In short: max-tin wear phosphor bronze.
What is the yield strength of C52400-H01?
C52400-H01 has a typical yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — stronger than 77% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 10 listed tempers.
Is C52400-H01 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (20/100, worse than 98% of copper alloy grades). Rating ~20% of free-cutting brass: gummy, stringy chips — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed, light feeds and generous flood coolant; hard tempers machine more cleanly than annealed.
Can C52400-H01 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (35/100). Fusion welding is poor (hot cracking from high Sn); prefer resistance spot/seam welding, silver brazing or soft soldering, all of which are excellent.
What surface finishes work on C52400-H01?
Not anodizable; takes bright polishing, tin/nickel/silver/gold plating for contacts, or chemical patina and lacquer for decorative work.
Can C52400-H01 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability in O60/H02 but work-hardens fast — plan intermediate anneals at 480–620 °C; hot working is not recommended, and cold-worked parts should be stress-relieved ~190–230 °C to avoid ammonia SCC.
What is the maximum service temperature of C52400-H01?
C52400-H01 is rated for continuous use to about 200°C (392 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between C52400-H04 and C52400-M20?
H04 is the default condition — default stock condition: high strength with usable ductility for bushings, wear plates, formed springs and fasteners. M20: c52400 (10% tin phosphor bronze, CuSn12-type) in the as-hot-rolled mill condition — essentially unworked, giving moderate strength with high ductility and good bearing/wear behaviour. Yield strength is 585 MPa in H04 versus 185 MPa in M20.
Can FabDigit make parts in C52400-H01?
Yes — C52400-H01 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM B103/B103M — Phosphor Bronze Plate, Sheet, Strip and Rolled Bar — ASTM (2019)
- ASTM B139/B139M — Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar and Shapes — ASTM (2017)
- EN 1654 / EN 12163 — CuSn12 (CW454K) — CEN (2016)
- GB/T 2059 / GB/T 2040 — QSn10-1 — SAC (2017)
- Copper Alloy C52400 datasheet — Copper Development Association (copper.org) (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties of Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.