Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH
Grade
Economy HOPG grade for routine STM/AFM substrates, electrode blanks and teaching use where mosaic spread is uncritical.
Values for the HOPG-ZYH condition
Other Pyrolytic Graphite tempers and conditions
Pyrolytic Graphite is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at Pyrolytic Graphite.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mosaic spread 0.8° ± 0.2° | General-purpose HOPG: good crystalline quality for SPM calibration and electrochemistry at moderate cost. | — | 35 | 0.15 | 8 HV | 1,600 W/m·K |
mosaic spread 0.4° ± 0.1° | Highest-perfection HOPG for X-ray/neutron monochromators and reference-flat AFM/STM substrates; smallest pieces, highest price. | — | 40 | — | — | 1,800 W/m·K |
HOPG-ZYHThis page mosaic spread 3.5° ± 1.5° | Economy HOPG grade for routine STM/AFM substrates, electrode blanks and teaching use where mosaic spread is uncritical. | — | 50 | 0.2 | 12 HV | 1,200 W/m·K |
APG / TPG | Pick when maximum in-plane thermal conductivity (>1200 W/m·K) is needed for encapsulated heat spreaders and satellite thermal doublers. | — | 80 | — | — | 1,500 W/m·K |
PGDefault As-deposited pyrolytic graphite | Standard CVD plate/tube stock: impermeable, moderate in-plane conductivity, best strength-to-cost of the PG family. | — | 100 | — | — | 300 W/m·K |
What is Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH?
Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH is Pyrolytic Graphite in the HOPG-ZYH grade — economy HOPG grade for routine STM/AFM substrates, electrode blanks and teaching use where mosaic spread is uncritical. Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH has a tensile strength of 50 MPa (7.25 ksi), weaker than 67% of ceramic grades. Elongation at break is 0.2% and the elastic modulus is 600 GPa (87 Msi). Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH has a density of 2.25 g/cm³ (0.0813 lb/in³), lighter than 86% of ceramic grades. It melts at 3,650°C (6,602 °F). PG is the default condition FabDigit quotes; HOPG-ZYH is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 1,200 W/m·K (693.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 100% of ceramic grades
- Stiff — 600 GPa (87 Msi), better than 91% of ceramic grades
- Lightweight — 2.25 g/cm³ (0.0813 lb/in³), better than 86% of ceramic grades
- Easy to machine — 30/100, better than 85% of ceramic grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 0.2%, better than 81% of ceramic grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 0.8 MPa·√m (0.728 ksi·√in), worse than 99% of ceramic grades
- High embodied carbon — 25 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 78% of ceramic grades
- Limited service temperature — 450°C (842 °F), worse than 77% of ceramic grades
Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH properties
Typical room-temperature values for Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH; 15 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Pyrolytic Graphite reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among ceramic grades.
Physical3
Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH has a density of 2.25 g/cm³ (0.0813 lb/in³), lighter than 86% of ceramic grades. It melts at 3,650°C (6,602 °F).
Mechanical11
Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH has a tensile strength of 50 MPa (7.25 ksi), weaker than 67% of ceramic grades. Elongation at break is 0.2% and the elastic modulus is 600 GPa (87 Msi).
Thermal5
Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH is rated for continuous service to 450°C (842 °F). It conducts heat at 1,200 W/m·K (693.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 100% of ceramic grades. Thermal expansion is 1 µm/m·K (0.556 µin/in·°F).
Electrical2
Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH has an electrical resistivity of 6×10⁻⁷ Ω·m.
Chemical & Environmental2
Corrosion resistance is excellent (86/100), better than 75% of ceramic grades.
Sustainability3
Producing a kilogram of Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH takes about 350 MJ of energy and emits 25 kg of CO₂ — more than 81% of ceramic grades. Typical recycled content is 0%.
Manufacturability3
Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH's machinability is poor (30/100, better than 85% of ceramic grades).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH
Is Pyrolytic Graphite easy to machine?
Cuts and grinds easily with carbide/diamond tools dry, but must be supported and fed lightly to avoid basal-plane delamination; EDM and laser cutting also used; capture the conductive dust.
Can Pyrolytic Graphite be welded?
Not weldable — joined by graphite cement, brazing with active (Ti/Cr) filler metals, or mechanical clamping / metal encapsulation for APG heat spreaders.
Can Pyrolytic Graphite be formed, bent or molded?
Net shape is set by CVD onto a mandrel (tubes, crucibles, plates); no plastic forming, and thick deposits must be annealed under pressure to reach APG/HOPG texture.
What surface finishes work on Pyrolytic Graphite?
Basal surfaces are refreshed by adhesive-tape cleaving rather than polishing; CVD SiC/pyrolytic-carbon or metal (Ni, Cu) coatings are applied for oxidation protection and solderability.
Pyrolytic Graphite chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| ashtotal metallic impurities, typically <20 ppm | 0 – 0.01 | 0 |
| CCVD-deposited carbon; HOPG grades typically >99.99 % | ≥ 99.9 (balance) | — |
Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH — frequently asked
What is Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH used for?
Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH is typically used for heat spreaders, susceptors for CVD/MOCVD, X-ray monochromators and aerospace thermal insulation. In short: highest in-plane conductivity; densest graphite form; strongly anisotropic properties.
What is the tensile strength of Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH?
Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH has a typical tensile strength of 50 MPa (7.25 ksi) — weaker than 67% of ceramic grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (30/100, better than 85% of ceramic grades). Cuts and grinds easily with carbide/diamond tools dry, but must be supported and fed lightly to avoid basal-plane delamination; EDM and laser cutting also used; capture the conductive dust.
Can Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH be welded?
Not weldable — joined by graphite cement, brazing with active (Ti/Cr) filler metals, or mechanical clamping / metal encapsulation for APG heat spreaders.
What surface finishes work on Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH?
Basal surfaces are refreshed by adhesive-tape cleaving rather than polishing; CVD SiC/pyrolytic-carbon or metal (Ni, Cu) coatings are applied for oxidation protection and solderability.
Can Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH be formed, bent or molded?
Net shape is set by CVD onto a mandrel (tubes, crucibles, plates); no plastic forming, and thick deposits must be annealed under pressure to reach APG/HOPG texture.
What is the maximum service temperature of Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH?
Pyrolytic Graphite HOPG-ZYH is rated for continuous use to about 450°C (842 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- ASM Engineered Materials Handbook Vol. 4: Ceramics and Glasses — Carbon and Graphite — ASM International (1991)
- Pyroid HT / Pyroid TC pyrolytic graphite property data — Minteq International (Pyrogenics Group) (2020)
- TC1050 Thermal Pyrolytic Graphite (TPG) datasheet — Momentive Technologies (2021)
- HOPG grades ZYA / ZYB / ZYH specification sheet — SPI Supplies / NT-MDT (2022)
- Graphite single-crystal and pyrolytic graphite property tables — CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.