Precious Metal PdRu5 Annealed
Temper · default condition
Choose for deep drawing, heavy forming, rivet heading and clad-strip bonding operations.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other PdRu5 tempers and conditions
PdRu5 is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at PdRu5.
- Annealed
- H01
- H02
- Stress-relieved
- H04
- Spring
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefaultThis page soft, fully recrystallized strip/wire | Choose for deep drawing, heavy forming, rivet heading and clad-strip bonding operations. | 210 | 450 | 25 | 114 HB | 9.6 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Light temper for stamped contacts still needing moderate bending without cracking. | 450 | 600 | 12 | 152 HB | 9.3 % IACS |
Half hard | General-purpose temper balancing spring force and formability for connector contacts. | 600 | 720 | 6 | 9 HRC | 9.2 % IACS |
cold worked + low-temperature stabilization anneal | Pick when formed springs must keep dimensional stability and resist stress relaxation in service. | 790 | 860 | 3 | 18 HRC | 9.4 % IACS |
Full hard | Standard temper for wear-resistant sliding contacts, brushes and slip-ring wire. | 800 | 900 | 2.5 | 20 HRC | — |
Spring hard | Maximum hardness and contact force retention for reed/relay springs and fine probe wire. | 960 | 1,050 | 1.5 | 25 HRC | 9 % IACS |
What is PdRu5 Annealed?
PdRu5 Annealed is PdRu5 in the Annealed temper — choose for deep drawing, heavy forming, rivet heading and clad-strip bonding operations. PdRu5 Annealed has a yield strength of 210 MPa (30.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) — stronger than 61% of precious metal grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 135 GPa (19.6 Msi). PdRu5 Annealed has a density of 12.05 g/cm³ (0.435 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of precious metal grades. It melts at 1,575°C (2,867 °F).
Advantages
- Stiff — 135 GPa (19.6 Msi), better than 84% of precious metal grades
- High service temperature — 500°C (932 °F), better than 79% of precious metal grades
Limitations
- Difficult to machine — 25/100, worse than 94% of precious metal grades
- Poor heat conductor — 45 W/m·K (26 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 82% of precious metal grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 9.6 % IACS, worse than 81% of precious metal grades
PdRu5 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for PdRu5 Annealed; 19 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are PdRu5 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among precious metal grades.
Physical3
PdRu5 Annealed has a density of 12.05 g/cm³ (0.435 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of precious metal grades. It melts at 1,575°C (2,867 °F).
Mechanical13
PdRu5 Annealed has a yield strength of 210 MPa (30.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) — stronger than 61% of precious metal grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 135 GPa (19.6 Msi).
Thermal6
PdRu5 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 500°C (932 °F). It conducts heat at 45 W/m·K (26 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 82% of precious metal grades. Thermal expansion is 11.5 µm/m·K (6.39 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
PdRu5 Annealed conducts electricity at 9.6 % IACS, worse than 81% of precious metal grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (92/100), better than 73% of precious metal grades.
Sustainability3
Producing a kilogram of PdRu5 Annealed takes about 95,000 MJ of energy and emits 3,800 kg of CO₂ — more than 68% of precious metal grades. Typical recycled content is 55%.
Manufacturability8
PdRu5 Annealed's machinability is poor (25/100, worse than 94% of precious metal grades); weldability very good (70/100); formability excellent (85/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with PdRu5 Annealed
Is PdRu5 easy to machine?
Gummy and abrasion-prone — use sharp carbide/diamond tools, high speed, light feed and copious lubricant; swarf must be collected for refining.
Can PdRu5 be welded?
Readily resistance-, laser- and micro-TIG-welded to Cu, CuNi and Ni carriers; braze with Ag-Cu or Au-based fillers under inert cover.
Can PdRu5 be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability when annealed (stamping, deep drawing, fine wire drawing); interanneal ~850–950 °C in H₂/inert atmosphere after ~50 % reduction.
What surface finishes work on PdRu5?
Takes a high mirror polish and needs no plating; commonly supplied as inlay or overlay clad on copper-alloy strip to minimize precious-metal usage.
PdRu5 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Rusolid-solution hardener | 4.5 – 5.5 | 5 |
| Other (total impurities)Pt, Ir, Rh, Fe, Cu, Ni residuals | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Pd | ≥ 94.3 (balance) | — |
PdRu5 Annealed — frequently asked
What is PdRu5 Annealed used for?
PdRu5 Annealed is typically used for telecom connectors, reed relay contacts, low-power switch contacts and sliding contacts. In short: harder than pure palladium; cheaper than platinum contacts; excellent cold formability.
What is the yield strength of PdRu5 Annealed?
PdRu5 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 210 MPa (30.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) — stronger than 61% of precious metal grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is PdRu5 Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (25/100, worse than 94% of precious metal grades). Gummy and abrasion-prone — use sharp carbide/diamond tools, high speed, light feed and copious lubricant; swarf must be collected for refining.
Can PdRu5 Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (70/100). Readily resistance-, laser- and micro-TIG-welded to Cu, CuNi and Ni carriers; braze with Ag-Cu or Au-based fillers under inert cover.
What surface finishes work on PdRu5 Annealed?
Takes a high mirror polish and needs no plating; commonly supplied as inlay or overlay clad on copper-alloy strip to minimize precious-metal usage.
Can PdRu5 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability when annealed (stamping, deep drawing, fine wire drawing); interanneal ~850–950 °C in H₂/inert atmosphere after ~50 % reduction.
What is the maximum service temperature of PdRu5 Annealed?
PdRu5 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 500°C (932 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between PdRu5 Annealed and PdRu5 Spring?
Annealed is the default condition — choose for deep drawing, heavy forming, rivet heading and clad-strip bonding operations. Spring: maximum hardness and contact force retention for reed/relay springs and fine probe wire. Yield strength is 210 MPa in Annealed versus 960 MPa in Spring.
Sources
- ASTM B540 — Standard Specification for Palladium Electrical Contact Material — ASTM International (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials (Precious Metals) — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 3 — Alloy Phase Diagrams (Pd-Ru system) — ASM International (1992)
- Precious-metal electrical contact alloy datasheets (Pd-Ru grades) — Deringer-Ney / Johnson Matthey / Heraeus (2023)
- PGM physical property data (palladium and its alloys) — Johnson Matthey PGM Market Report / IPMI (2024)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.