Refractory Metal Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged
Finish state
UNS R03600 · also Mo CP
Choose for thick plate, blocks and forged shapes where full cold work is impossible; intermediate strength with reasonable ductility.
Values for the Hot Rolled / Forged condition
Other Pure Mo tempers and conditions
Pure Mo is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at Pure Mo.
- Recrystallized
- Sintered
- Arc Cast SR
- Stress Relieved
- Hot Rolled / Forged
- As Rolled
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
full anneal above ~1100 °C, equiaxed grains | Use only where softness/low hardness or deep drawing after re-anneal is required; recrystallized Mo is notch-brittle at room temperature. | 280 | 415 | 38 | 78 HRB | 33 % IACS |
pressed-and-sintered P/M billet/bar, not subsequently worked | Lowest-cost as-sintered form for crucibles, electrodes and blanks where residual porosity and low ductility are acceptable. | 300 | 400 | 5 | 160 HB | 30 % IACS |
vacuum arc-cast molybdenum (ASTM B387 Type 364), worked and stress relieved | Choose arc-cast Mo when low interstitial oxygen, cleaner grain boundaries and better ductility/weld response than P/M material are needed. | 400 | 520 | 28 | 200 HB | 34 % IACS |
worked then stress-relief annealed below recrystallization (~850–1000 °C) | Pick when flatness/dimensional stability and lower residual stress matter but wrought ductility must be kept (most sheet for forming, sputter targets). | 450 | 550 | 20 | 90 HRB | 32 % IACS |
Hot Rolled / ForgedThis page hot-worked plate, bar and forgings | Choose for thick plate, blocks and forged shapes where full cold work is impossible; intermediate strength with reasonable ductility. | 480 | 600 | 20 | 19 HRC | 33 % IACS |
As RolledDefault worked (unrecrystallized) sheet/plate/bar, as-fabricated | Default stock condition for sheet, plate and bar — highest strength and hardness, retains wrought fibrous structure. | 590 | 700 | 10 | 95 HRB | 31 % IACS |
What is Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged?
Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged is Pure Mo supplied in the Hot Rolled / Forged condition — choose for thick plate, blocks and forged shapes where full cold work is impossible; intermediate strength with reasonable ductility. Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) — stronger than 72% of refractory metal grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 318 GPa (46.1 Msi). Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged has a density of 10.22 g/cm³ (0.369 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of refractory metal grades. It melts at 2,623°C (4,753 °F). As Rolled is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Hot Rolled / Forged is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 42/100, better than 97% of refractory metal grades
- Conducts heat well — 140 W/m·K (80.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 90% of refractory metal grades
- High electrical conductivity — 33 % IACS, better than 90% of refractory metal grades
- Stiff — 318 GPa (46.1 Msi), better than 80% of refractory metal grades
- Low embodied carbon — 25 kg CO₂/kg, better than 80% of refractory metal grades
Limitations
- Difficult to weld — 20/100, worse than 79% of refractory metal grades
Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged properties
Typical room-temperature values for Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged; 23 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Pure Mo reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among refractory metal grades.
Physical3
Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged has a density of 10.22 g/cm³ (0.369 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of refractory metal grades. It melts at 2,623°C (4,753 °F).
Mechanical16
Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) — stronger than 72% of refractory metal grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 318 GPa (46.1 Msi).
Thermal6
Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged is rated for continuous service to 500°C (932 °F). It conducts heat at 140 W/m·K (80.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 90% of refractory metal grades. Thermal expansion is 5.2 µm/m·K (2.89 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged conducts electricity at 33 % IACS, better than 90% of refractory metal grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (55/100), worse than 72% of refractory metal grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged takes about 380 MJ of energy and emits 25 kg of CO₂ — less than 78% of refractory metal grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged's machinability is fair (42/100, better than 97% of refractory metal grades); weldability poor (20/100); formability fair (40/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged
Is Pure Mo easy to machine?
Machinable with sharp carbide or CBN tooling, positive rake, rigid setup and flood coolant; chips are short and brittle, edges chip easily — deburr and stress-relieve after heavy cuts, EDM and grinding work well.
Can Pure Mo be welded?
Poor fusion weldability — electron-beam or laser welding in vacuum/high-purity inert gas only; welds recrystallize and are notch-brittle, so vacuum brazing or mechanical joining is preferred.
Can Pure Mo be formed, bent or molded?
Warm form at roughly 150–400 °C (higher for thick sections) with generous bend radii; cold bending of recrystallized or thick material causes cracking.
What surface finishes work on Pure Mo?
Chemically clean/etch and vacuum-degas before use; not anodizable — apply Ni or Cr plating for aqueous corrosion, and Si/MoSi2 or Pt-based coatings for service above 500 °C in air.
Pure Mo chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Olower (<0.002) in arc-cast Type 364 | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| N | ≤ 0 | 8×10⁻⁴ |
| H | ≤ 5×10⁻⁴ | 2×10⁻⁴ |
| Fe | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Ni | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Si | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Wresidual from ore/processing | ≤ 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Momin 99.95 % Mo excluding gases, per ASTM B386/B387 Type 361 | ≥ 99.95 (balance) | — |
Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged — frequently asked
What is Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged used for?
Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged is typically used for furnace hot zones and heating elements, sputtering targets and backing plates, glass-melting electrodes, semiconductor wafer boats, thermal-management heat spreaders and X-ray anodes and electronic tube components. In short: high-temp molybdenum plate.
What is the yield strength of Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged?
Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged has a typical yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) — stronger than 72% of refractory metal grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (42/100, better than 97% of refractory metal grades). Machinable with sharp carbide or CBN tooling, positive rake, rigid setup and flood coolant; chips are short and brittle, edges chip easily — deburr and stress-relieve after heavy cuts, EDM and grinding work well.
Can Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (20/100). Poor fusion weldability — electron-beam or laser welding in vacuum/high-purity inert gas only; welds recrystallize and are notch-brittle, so vacuum brazing or mechanical joining is preferred.
What surface finishes work on Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged?
Chemically clean/etch and vacuum-degas before use; not anodizable — apply Ni or Cr plating for aqueous corrosion, and Si/MoSi2 or Pt-based coatings for service above 500 °C in air.
Can Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged be formed, bent or molded?
Warm form at roughly 150–400 °C (higher for thick sections) with generous bend radii; cold bending of recrystallized or thick material causes cracking.
What is the maximum service temperature of Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged?
Pure Mo Hot Rolled / Forged is rated for continuous use to about 500°C (932 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- ASTM B386/B386M — Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, Foil, and Ribbon — ASTM (2021)
- ASTM B387 — Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire — ASTM (2018)
- GB/T 3876 / GB/T 4188 (2017)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties of Refractory Metals and Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Molybdenum — material properties and product data — Plansee SE (2023)
- Pure Molybdenum technical data — Ed Fagan Inc. / H.C. Starck Solutions (2022)
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics — thermophysical data for Mo — CRC Press (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.