Fused Silica Annealed Glass
Heat-treated state · default condition
GB JGS1/JGS2 · also Quartz Glass, GE 124
Default choice for windows, tubes, crucibles and fixtures where low CTE and thermal shock resistance matter and stress birefringence is not critical.
Values for the Annealed Glass condition
Other Fused Silica tempers and conditions
Fused Silica is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at Fused Silica.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed GlassDefaultThis page standard annealed fused silica (general optical/thermal grade) | Default choice for windows, tubes, crucibles and fixtures where low CTE and thermal shock resistance matter and stress birefringence is not critical. | 50 | 0 | 700 HV | 1 W/m·K | |
Synthetic/high-purity UV grade fused silica | Pick for deep-UV optics, excimer/UV lamp envelopes and photolithography windows; high OH content gives UV transmission but an OH absorption band near 2.7 µm. | 50 | 0 | 650 HV | 1 W/m·K | |
Optical grade fused quartz | Economical electrically fused optical grade for near-UV/visible windows, sight glasses and lamp tubes where deep-UV transmission is not required. | 50 | 0 | 700 HV | 1 W/m·K | |
Infrared grade, low-OH fused silica | Choose for IR windows and optics to ~3.5 µm and for high-temperature use, since low hydroxyl content removes the 2.7 µm water band and raises the viscosity/annealing point. | 50 | 0 | 700 HV | 1 W/m·K |
What is Fused Silica Annealed Glass?
Fused Silica Annealed Glass is Fused Silica heat treated to Annealed Glass — default choice for windows, tubes, crucibles and fixtures where low CTE and thermal shock resistance matter and stress birefringence is not critical. Fused Silica Annealed Glass has a tensile strength of 50 MPa (7.25 ksi), stronger than 59% of glass grades. Elongation at break is 0% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi). Fused Silica Annealed Glass has a density of 2.2 g/cm³ (0.0795 lb/in³), lighter than 94% of glass grades. It melts at 1,713°C (3,115 °F).
Advantages
- Lightweight — 2.2 g/cm³ (0.0795 lb/in³), better than 94% of glass grades
- High service temperature — 1,100°C (2,012 °F), better than 92% of glass grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 95/100, better than 92% of glass grades
Fused Silica Annealed Glass properties
Typical room-temperature values for Fused Silica Annealed Glass; 14 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Fused Silica reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among glass grades.
Physical5
Fused Silica Annealed Glass has a density of 2.2 g/cm³ (0.0795 lb/in³), lighter than 94% of glass grades. It melts at 1,713°C (3,115 °F).
Mechanical13
Fused Silica Annealed Glass has a tensile strength of 50 MPa (7.25 ksi), stronger than 59% of glass grades. Elongation at break is 0% and the elastic modulus is 72 GPa (10.4 Msi).
Thermal5
Fused Silica Annealed Glass is rated for continuous service to 1,100°C (2,012 °F). It conducts heat at 1.4 W/m·K (0.797 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 54% of glass grades. Thermal expansion is 0.55 µm/m·K (0.306 µin/in·°F).
Electrical5
Fused Silica Annealed Glass is an electrical insulator with a dielectric strength of 30 kV/mm (762 V/mil) and a resistivity of 1×10¹⁶ Ω·m.
Chemical & Environmental2
Corrosion resistance is excellent (95/100), better than 92% of glass grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Fused Silica Annealed Glass takes about 55 MJ of energy and emits 4 kg of CO₂ — more than 52% of glass grades. Typical recycled content is 0%.
Manufacturability2
Fused Silica Annealed Glass's machinability is not recommended (10/100, worse than 80% of glass grades).
Common Calculations4
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Fused Silica Annealed Glass
Is Fused Silica easy to machine?
Diamond grinding, core drilling, ultrasonic and laser machining only; no conventional cutting — chipping at edges must be controlled by bevelling and coolant flood.
Can Fused Silica be welded?
Joined by oxy-hydrogen flame working or CO₂-laser fusion at ~1800 °C; joints must be flame- or furnace-annealed near 1100 °C to relieve stress.
Can Fused Silica be formed, bent or molded?
Hot formed by flame/lathe working above ~1700 °C (tubes, flanges, bulbs); slumping and mould pressing possible but devitrification limits soak time.
What surface finishes work on Fused Silica?
Lapping and CeO₂/colloidal-silica polishing give sub-nanometre optical finishes; HF etching or fire-polishing removes subsurface damage, and AR or metallic coatings adhere well.
Fused Silica chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Alas Al2O3 impurity, ppm level in synthetic grades | ≤ 0.01 | 0 |
| Naalkali impurity | ≤ 0 | 2×10⁻⁴ |
| Fecontrols UV/visible absorption | ≤ 5×10⁻⁴ | 1×10⁻⁴ |
| OHhydroxyl: <5 ppm in IR/JGS3 grades, 200–1200 ppm in synthetic JGS1 | 2×10⁻⁵ – 0.12 | 0.02 |
| SiO2JGS2/JGS3 fused natural quartz ≥99.9 %; JGS1/synthetic ≥99.99 % | ≥ 99.9 (balance) |
Fused Silica Annealed Glass — frequently asked
What is Fused Silica Annealed Glass used for?
Fused Silica Annealed Glass is typically used for semiconductor wafer carriers and boats, UV optics, windows and lenses, photomask and lithography substrates, optical fiber preforms, excimer laser optics and diffusion furnace tubes and bell jars. In short: pure synthetic silica.
What is the tensile strength of Fused Silica Annealed Glass?
Fused Silica Annealed Glass has a typical tensile strength of 50 MPa (7.25 ksi) — stronger than 59% of glass grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is Fused Silica Annealed Glass easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated not recommended (10/100, worse than 80% of glass grades). Diamond grinding, core drilling, ultrasonic and laser machining only; no conventional cutting — chipping at edges must be controlled by bevelling and coolant flood.
Can Fused Silica Annealed Glass be welded?
Joined by oxy-hydrogen flame working or CO₂-laser fusion at ~1800 °C; joints must be flame- or furnace-annealed near 1100 °C to relieve stress.
What surface finishes work on Fused Silica Annealed Glass?
Lapping and CeO₂/colloidal-silica polishing give sub-nanometre optical finishes; HF etching or fire-polishing removes subsurface damage, and AR or metallic coatings adhere well.
Can Fused Silica Annealed Glass be formed, bent or molded?
Hot formed by flame/lathe working above ~1700 °C (tubes, flanges, bulbs); slumping and mould pressing possible but devitrification limits soak time.
What is the maximum service temperature of Fused Silica Annealed Glass?
Fused Silica Annealed Glass is rated for continuous use to about 1,100°C (2,012 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- Quartz Glass for Optics — Data and Properties — Heraeus Conamic (2023)
- HPFS Fused Silica Standard Grade Datasheet — Corning (2022)
- Fused Quartz / Type 214 Properties — Momentive Technologies (2021)
- ASM Engineered Materials Handbook Vol. 4: Ceramics and Glasses — ASM International (1991)
- GB/T 26999 (JGS1/JGS2/JGS3) — SAC (2011)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.