Steel 18Ni(190)-CD vs 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR
Steel · 18Ni(190) temper comparison
18Ni(190)-CD and 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR are two conditions of the same steel grade, 18Ni(190): CD (cold drawn) versus VIM-VAR (vacuum induction melted + vacuum arc remelted). The chemistry is identical, so every difference below comes from the condition. 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR is the stronger of the two: yield strength 1,300 MPa (189 ksi) against 1,030 MPa (149 ksi) for 18Ni(190)-CD, about 26% more; tensile strength follows at 1,340 MPa (194 ksi) vs 1,170 MPa (170 ksi). 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR is the more ductile: elongation 15% versus 10% for 18Ni(190)-CD, and 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR is harder (375 HB vs 320 HB). 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR runs hotter in service (400°C vs 300°C continuous) and 18Ni(190)-CD conducts heat better (24.5 W/m·K vs 20.9 W/m·K). On the shop floor, 18Ni(190)-CD machines more easily (45 vs 35 out of 100).
18Ni(190)-CDChoose it when the part is machined in volume.
18Ni(190) VIM-VARChoose it when strength drives the design, or when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded.
18Ni(190)-CD vs 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR: propertiesHow to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all steel grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
How to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all steel grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
Mechanical
Strength, stiffness, ductility and hardness at room temperature.
Elastic (Young's) Modulus
Tensile Strength (Ultimate)
Yield Strength (0.2% offset)
Elongation at Break
Reduction in Area
Compressive Strength
Shear Strength
Fatigue Strength (Endurance Limit)
Fracture Toughness (K_IC)
Charpy V-Notch Impact (RT)
Hardness, Brinell
Hardness, Rockwell C
Hardness, Vickers
Same in both: Shear Modulus 72 GPa10.4 Msi · Bulk Modulus 160 GPa23.2 Msi · Poisson's Ratio 0.3
Physical
Density and transition temperatures.
Same in both: Density 8 g/cm³0.29 lb/in³ · Melting Point (Solidus) 1,413°C2,575 °F · Liquidus Temperature 1,454°C2,649 °F
Thermal
How each material carries heat and how hot it can run.
Thermal Conductivity
Max Service Temperature (continuous)
Same in both: Specific Heat Capacity 452 J/kg·K0.11 BTU/lb·°F · Thermal Expansion (CTE, 20–100 °C) 10.1 µm/m·K5.6 µin/in·°F · Latent Heat of Fusion 270 J/g116 BTU/lb · Min Service Temperature -196°C-321 °F
Electrical
Conductivity and insulation.
Electrical Conductivity
Electrical Resistivity
Chemical & Environmental
Corrosion and environmental resistance (0–100 scores).
Same in both: Galvanic Potential (seawater, vs SCE) -0.6 V · Corrosion Resistance 25 / 100
Manufacturability
FabDigit workshop ratings (0–100 scores) — how each material behaves on the machine.
Machinability
Machinability Rating (AISI 1212 = 100 %)
Formability (cold)
Same in both: Weldability 90 / 100 · Brazeability / Solderability 50 / 100 · Polishability 80 / 100
Sustainability
Primary-production footprint per kilogram.
Same in both: Embodied Energy (primary production) 55 MJ/kg23,646 BTU/lb · Embodied Carbon (primary production) 4.6 kg CO₂/kg · Embodied Water 120 L/kg14.4 gal/lb · Typical Recycled Content 25%
Strength versus weight
Yield strength against density for every steel grade in the FabDigit library; the compared grades are highlighted. Up and left is stronger for its weight.
18Ni(190)-CD vs 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR — frequently asked
Is 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR stronger than 18Ni(190)-CD?
Yes. 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR has a typical yield strength of 1,300 MPa (189 ksi) against 1,030 MPa (149 ksi) for 18Ni(190)-CD — about 26% more. Tensile strength is 1,340 MPa (194 ksi) vs 1,170 MPa (170 ksi).
Which condition does FabDigit quote by default, CD or VIM-VAR?
Aged is the default 18Ni(190) condition in the FabDigit quote flow (neither CD nor VIM-VAR). The other condition is available on request or by drawing note — specify it in the material field or the part notes and the quote is priced for it.
Which is easier to machine, 18Ni(190)-CD or 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR?
18Ni(190)-CD, by a small margin. Both rate fair for machinability — 45/100 against 35/100 for 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR.
Ready to make it?
Upload a CAD file and FabDigit prices the part in 18Ni(190)-CD and 18Ni(190) VIM-VAR side by side — material, machining time, tolerance and finish in one quote. Certified material data ships with the order on request.
Typical handbook values for the conditions named above, normalised for comparison. Hardness on non-Brinell scales is converted approximately for charting only. Request certified data with your order for design-critical properties.