Titanium Grade 23-O vs Grade 23-STA
Titanium · Grade 23 temper comparison
Grade 23-O and Grade 23-STA are two conditions of the same titanium grade, Grade 23: O (annealed) versus STA (solution treated and aged). The chemistry is identical, so every difference below comes from the condition. Grade 23-STA is the stronger of the two: yield strength 1,010 MPa (146 ksi) against 850 MPa (123 ksi) for Grade 23-O, about 19% more; tensile strength follows at 1,100 MPa (160 ksi) vs 930 MPa (135 ksi). In exchange, Grade 23-O is the more ductile: elongation 15% versus 10% for Grade 23-STA, and Grade 23-STA is harder (350 HB vs 320 HB).
Grade 23-OChoose it when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded.
Grade 23-STAChoose it when strength drives the design.
Grade 23-O vs Grade 23-STA: propertiesHow to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all titanium grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
How to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all titanium grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
Mechanical
Strength, stiffness, ductility and hardness at room temperature.
Tensile Strength (Ultimate)
Yield Strength (0.2% offset)
Elongation at Break
Reduction in Area
Fatigue Strength (Endurance Limit)
Fracture Toughness (K_IC)
Hardness, Brinell
Hardness, Rockwell C
Same in both: Elastic (Young's) Modulus 113 GPa16.4 Msi · Shear Modulus 44 GPa6.4 Msi · Bulk Modulus 110 GPa16 Msi · Poisson's Ratio 0.34 · Compressive Strength 970 MPa141 ksi · Shear Strength 580 MPa84.1 ksi · Charpy V-Notch Impact (RT) 22 J16.2 ft·lbf · Hardness, Vickers 340 HV
Physical
Density and transition temperatures.
Same in both: Density 4.43 g/cm³0.16 lb/in³ · Melting Point (Solidus) 1,604°C2,919 °F · Liquidus Temperature 1,660°C3,020 °F
Thermal
How each material carries heat and how hot it can run.
Same in both: Thermal Conductivity 6.7 W/m·K3.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F · Specific Heat Capacity 526 J/kg·K0.13 BTU/lb·°F · Thermal Expansion (CTE, 20–100 °C) 8.6 µm/m·K4.8 µin/in·°F · Latent Heat of Fusion 365 J/g157 BTU/lb · Max Service Temperature (continuous) 350°C662 °F · Min Service Temperature -253°C-423 °F
Electrical
Conductivity and insulation.
Same in both: Electrical Conductivity 1 % IACS · Electrical Resistivity 1.71×10⁻⁶ Ω·m67.3 µΩ·in
Chemical & Environmental
Corrosion and environmental resistance (0–100 scores).
Same in both: Galvanic Potential (seawater, vs SCE) -0.1 V · Corrosion Resistance 92 / 100
Manufacturability
FabDigit workshop ratings (0–100 scores) — how each material behaves on the machine.
Machinability
Same in both: Machinability Rating (AISI 1212 = 100 %) 22% · Weldability 80 / 100 · Formability (cold) 35 / 100 · Castability 40 / 100 · Brazeability / Solderability 35 / 100 · Polishability 80 / 100
Sustainability
Primary-production footprint per kilogram.
Same in both: Embodied Energy (primary production) 700 MJ/kg300,946 BTU/lb · Embodied Carbon (primary production) 45 kg CO₂/kg · Embodied Water 480 L/kg57.5 gal/lb · Typical Recycled Content 15%
Strength versus weight
Yield strength against density for every titanium grade in the FabDigit library; the compared grades are highlighted. Up and left is stronger for its weight.
Grade 23-O vs Grade 23-STA — frequently asked
Is Grade 23-STA stronger than Grade 23-O?
Yes. Grade 23-STA has a typical yield strength of 1,010 MPa (146 ksi) against 850 MPa (123 ksi) for Grade 23-O — about 19% more. Tensile strength is 1,100 MPa (160 ksi) vs 930 MPa (135 ksi).
Which condition does FabDigit quote by default, O or STA?
O is the default Grade 23 condition in the FabDigit quote flow. The other condition is available on request or by drawing note — specify it in the material field or the part notes and the quote is priced for it.
When should I choose Grade 23-O over Grade 23-STA?
Pick Grade 23-O when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded. Pick Grade 23-STA when strength drives the design.
Ready to make it?
Upload a CAD file and FabDigit prices the part in Grade 23-O and Grade 23-STA side by side — material, machining time, tolerance and finish in one quote. Certified material data ships with the order on request.
Typical handbook values for the conditions named above, normalised for comparison. Hardness on non-Brinell scales is converted approximately for charting only. Request certified data with your order for design-critical properties.