Titanium Grade 23-CW vs Grade 23-O
Titanium · Grade 23 temper comparison
Grade 23-CW and Grade 23-O are two conditions of the same titanium grade, Grade 23: CW (cold worked) versus O (annealed). The chemistry is identical, so every difference below comes from the condition. Grade 23-CW is the stronger of the two: yield strength 960 MPa (139 ksi) against 850 MPa (123 ksi) for Grade 23-O, about 13% more; tensile strength follows at 1,050 MPa (152 ksi) vs 930 MPa (135 ksi). In exchange, Grade 23-O is the more ductile: elongation 15% versus 10% for Grade 23-CW, and Grade 23-CW is harder (340 HB vs 320 HB). Grade 23-O runs hotter in service (350°C vs 300°C continuous).
Grade 23-CWChoose it when strength drives the design.
Grade 23-OChoose it when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded, or when the part sees heat.
Grade 23-CW vs Grade 23-O: propertiesHow to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all titanium grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
How to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all titanium grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
Mechanical
Strength, stiffness, ductility and hardness at room temperature.
Tensile Strength (Ultimate)
Yield Strength (0.2% offset)
Elongation at Break
Reduction in Area
Compressive Strength
Shear Strength
Fatigue Strength (Endurance Limit)
Fracture Toughness (K_IC)
Charpy V-Notch Impact (RT)
Hardness, Brinell
Hardness, Rockwell C
Hardness, Vickers
Same in both: Elastic (Young's) Modulus 113 GPa16.4 Msi · Shear Modulus 44 GPa6.4 Msi · Bulk Modulus 110 GPa16 Msi · Poisson's Ratio 0.34
Physical
Density and transition temperatures.
Same in both: Density 4.43 g/cm³0.16 lb/in³ · Melting Point (Solidus) 1,604°C2,919 °F · Liquidus Temperature 1,660°C3,020 °F
Thermal
How each material carries heat and how hot it can run.
Max Service Temperature (continuous)
Same in both: Thermal Conductivity 6.7 W/m·K3.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F · Specific Heat Capacity 526 J/kg·K0.13 BTU/lb·°F · Thermal Expansion (CTE, 20–100 °C) 8.6 µm/m·K4.8 µin/in·°F · Latent Heat of Fusion 365 J/g157 BTU/lb · Min Service Temperature -253°C-423 °F
Electrical
Conductivity and insulation.
Electrical Resistivity
Same in both: Electrical Conductivity 1 % IACS
Chemical & Environmental
Corrosion and environmental resistance (0–100 scores).
Same in both: Galvanic Potential (seawater, vs SCE) -0.1 V · Corrosion Resistance 92 / 100
Manufacturability
FabDigit workshop ratings (0–100 scores) — how each material behaves on the machine.
Machinability
Machinability Rating (AISI 1212 = 100 %)
Weldability
Formability (cold)
Same in both: Castability 40 / 100 · Brazeability / Solderability 35 / 100 · Polishability 80 / 100
Sustainability
Primary-production footprint per kilogram.
Same in both: Embodied Energy (primary production) 700 MJ/kg300,946 BTU/lb · Embodied Carbon (primary production) 45 kg CO₂/kg · Embodied Water 480 L/kg57.5 gal/lb · Typical Recycled Content 15%
Strength versus weight
Yield strength against density for every titanium grade in the FabDigit library; the compared grades are highlighted. Up and left is stronger for its weight.
Grade 23-CW vs Grade 23-O — frequently asked
Is Grade 23-CW stronger than Grade 23-O?
Yes. Grade 23-CW has a typical yield strength of 960 MPa (139 ksi) against 850 MPa (123 ksi) for Grade 23-O — about 13% more. Tensile strength is 1,050 MPa (152 ksi) vs 930 MPa (135 ksi).
Which condition does FabDigit quote by default, CW or O?
O is the default Grade 23 condition in the FabDigit quote flow. The other condition is available on request or by drawing note — specify it in the material field or the part notes and the quote is priced for it.
Which welds better, Grade 23-CW or Grade 23-O?
Grade 23-O. Its weldability rates very good (80/100) against very good (75/100) for Grade 23-CW.
Ready to make it?
Upload a CAD file and FabDigit prices the part in Grade 23-CW and Grade 23-O side by side — material, machining time, tolerance and finish in one quote. Certified material data ships with the order on request.
Typical handbook values for the conditions named above, normalised for comparison. Hardness on non-Brinell scales is converted approximately for charting only. Request certified data with your order for design-critical properties.