Refractory Metal T-111 Annealed vs T-111-CW
Refractory Metal · T-111 temper comparison
T-111 Annealed and T-111-CW are two conditions of the same refractory metal grade, T-111: Annealed versus CW (cold worked). The chemistry is identical, so every difference below comes from the condition. T-111-CW is the stronger of the two: yield strength 830 MPa (120 ksi) against 415 MPa (60.2 ksi) for T-111 Annealed, about 100% more; tensile strength follows at 900 MPa (131 ksi) vs 550 MPa (79.8 ksi). In exchange, T-111 Annealed is the more ductile: elongation 25% versus 8% for T-111-CW, and T-111-CW is harder (300 HB vs 220 HB). T-111 Annealed runs hotter in service (2,200°C vs 1,200°C continuous). On the shop floor, T-111 Annealed welds better (80 vs 70 out of 100).
T-111 AnnealedChoose it when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded, or when the part sees heat.
T-111-CWChoose it when strength drives the design.
T-111 Annealed vs T-111-CW: propertiesHow to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all refractory metal grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
How to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all refractory metal grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
Mechanical
Strength, stiffness, ductility and hardness at room temperature.
Tensile Strength (Ultimate)
Yield Strength (0.2% offset)
Elongation at Break
Reduction in Area
Compressive Strength
Shear Strength
Fatigue Strength (Endurance Limit)
Fracture Toughness (K_IC)
Charpy V-Notch Impact (RT)
Hardness, Brinell
Hardness, Rockwell C
Hardness, Vickers
Same in both: Elastic (Young's) Modulus 200 GPa29 Msi · Shear Modulus 74 GPa10.7 Msi · Bulk Modulus 210 GPa30.5 Msi · Poisson's Ratio 0.35 · Hardness, Rockwell B 99 HRB
Physical
Density and transition temperatures.
Same in both: Density 16.8 g/cm³0.61 lb/in³ · Melting Point (Solidus) 3,030°C5,486 °F · Liquidus Temperature 3,055°C5,531 °F
Thermal
How each material carries heat and how hot it can run.
Thermal Conductivity
Max Service Temperature (continuous)
Same in both: Specific Heat Capacity 140 J/kg·K0.03 BTU/lb·°F · Thermal Expansion (CTE, 20–100 °C) 6.5 µm/m·K3.6 µin/in·°F · Latent Heat of Fusion 195 J/g83.8 BTU/lb · Min Service Temperature -253°C-423 °F
Electrical
Conductivity and insulation.
Electrical Conductivity
Electrical Resistivity
Chemical & Environmental
Corrosion and environmental resistance (0–100 scores).
Corrosion Resistance
Same in both: Galvanic Potential (seawater, vs SCE) -0.05 V
Manufacturability
FabDigit workshop ratings (0–100 scores) — how each material behaves on the machine.
Machinability
Machinability Rating (AISI 1212 = 100 %)
Weldability
Formability (cold)
Same in both: Castability 30 / 100 · Brazeability / Solderability 55 / 100 · Polishability 70 / 100
Sustainability
Primary-production footprint per kilogram.
Same in both: Embodied Energy (primary production) 4,400 MJ/kg1,891,661 BTU/lb · Embodied Carbon (primary production) 265 kg CO₂/kg · Typical Recycled Content 20%
Strength versus weight
Yield strength against density for every refractory metal grade in the FabDigit library; the compared grades are highlighted. Up and left is stronger for its weight.
T-111 Annealed vs T-111-CW — frequently asked
Is T-111-CW stronger than T-111 Annealed?
Yes. T-111-CW has a typical yield strength of 830 MPa (120 ksi) against 415 MPa (60.2 ksi) for T-111 Annealed — about 100% more. Tensile strength is 900 MPa (131 ksi) vs 550 MPa (79.8 ksi).
Which condition does FabDigit quote by default, Annealed or CW?
Annealed is the default T-111 condition in the FabDigit quote flow. The other condition is available on request or by drawing note — specify it in the material field or the part notes and the quote is priced for it.
Which is easier to machine, T-111 Annealed or T-111-CW?
T-111-CW, by a small margin. Both rate poor for machinability — 32/100 against 25/100 for T-111 Annealed; for welding the order is T-111 Annealed first (very good, 80/100) then T-111-CW (very good, 70/100).
Ready to make it?
Upload a CAD file and FabDigit prices the part in T-111 Annealed and T-111-CW side by side — material, machining time, tolerance and finish in one quote. Certified material data ships with the order on request.
Typical handbook values for the conditions named above, normalised for comparison. Hardness on non-Brinell scales is converted approximately for charting only. Request certified data with your order for design-critical properties.