Titanium C-23 Annealed vs C-23-STA
Titanium · C-23 temper comparison
C-23 Annealed and C-23-STA are two conditions of the same titanium grade, C-23: Annealed versus STA (solution treated and aged). The chemistry is identical, so every difference below comes from the condition. C-23-STA is the stronger of the two: yield strength 920 MPa (133 ksi) against 840 MPa (122 ksi) for C-23 Annealed, about 10% more; tensile strength follows at 1,010 MPa (146 ksi) vs 910 MPa (132 ksi). In exchange, C-23 Annealed is the more ductile: elongation 11% versus 8% for C-23-STA, and C-23-STA is harder (355 HB vs 325 HB).
C-23 AnnealedChoose it when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded.
C-23-STAChoose it when strength drives the design.
C-23 Annealed vs C-23-STA: propertiesHow to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all titanium grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
How to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all titanium grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
Mechanical
Strength, stiffness, ductility and hardness at room temperature.
Tensile Strength (Ultimate)
Yield Strength (0.2% offset)
Elongation at Break
Reduction in Area
Fatigue Strength (Endurance Limit)
Fracture Toughness (K_IC)
Charpy V-Notch Impact (RT)
Hardness, Brinell
Hardness, Rockwell C
Same in both: Elastic (Young's) Modulus 112 GPa16.2 Msi · Shear Modulus 42 GPa6.1 Msi · Bulk Modulus 108 GPa15.7 Msi · Poisson's Ratio 0.34 · Compressive Strength 950 MPa138 ksi · Shear Strength 580 MPa84.1 ksi · Hardness, Vickers 345 HV
Physical
Density and transition temperatures.
Same in both: Density 4.43 g/cm³0.16 lb/in³ · Melting Point (Solidus) 1,604°C2,919 °F · Liquidus Temperature 1,660°C3,020 °F
Thermal
How each material carries heat and how hot it can run.
Same in both: Thermal Conductivity 6.7 W/m·K3.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F · Specific Heat Capacity 560 J/kg·K0.13 BTU/lb·°F · Thermal Expansion (CTE, 20–100 °C) 8.8 µm/m·K4.9 µin/in·°F · Latent Heat of Fusion 365 J/g157 BTU/lb · Max Service Temperature (continuous) 400°C752 °F · Min Service Temperature -253°C-423 °F
Electrical
Conductivity and insulation.
Same in both: Electrical Conductivity 1 % IACS · Electrical Resistivity 1.71×10⁻⁶ Ω·m67.3 µΩ·in
Chemical & Environmental
Corrosion and environmental resistance (0–100 scores).
Same in both: Galvanic Potential (seawater, vs SCE) -0.12 V · Corrosion Resistance 92 / 100
Manufacturability
FabDigit workshop ratings (0–100 scores) — how each material behaves on the machine.
Machinability
Same in both: Machinability Rating (AISI 1212 = 100 %) 22% · Weldability 75 / 100 · Formability (cold) 20 / 100 · Castability 60 / 100 · Brazeability / Solderability 40 / 100 · Polishability 70 / 100
Sustainability
Primary-production footprint per kilogram.
Same in both: Embodied Energy (primary production) 700 MJ/kg300,946 BTU/lb · Embodied Carbon (primary production) 45 kg CO₂/kg · Embodied Water 950 L/kg114 gal/lb · Typical Recycled Content 25%
Strength versus weight
Yield strength against density for every titanium grade in the FabDigit library; the compared grades are highlighted. Up and left is stronger for its weight.
C-23 Annealed vs C-23-STA — frequently asked
Is C-23-STA stronger than C-23 Annealed?
Yes. C-23-STA has a typical yield strength of 920 MPa (133 ksi) against 840 MPa (122 ksi) for C-23 Annealed — about 10% more. Tensile strength is 1,010 MPa (146 ksi) vs 910 MPa (132 ksi).
Which condition does FabDigit quote by default, Annealed or STA?
HIP is the default C-23 condition in the FabDigit quote flow (neither Annealed nor STA). The other condition is available on request or by drawing note — specify it in the material field or the part notes and the quote is priced for it.
When should I choose C-23 Annealed over C-23-STA?
Pick C-23 Annealed when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded. Pick C-23-STA when strength drives the design.
Ready to make it?
Upload a CAD file and FabDigit prices the part in C-23 Annealed and C-23-STA side by side — material, machining time, tolerance and finish in one quote. Certified material data ships with the order on request.
Typical handbook values for the conditions named above, normalised for comparison. Hardness on non-Brinell scales is converted approximately for charting only. Request certified data with your order for design-critical properties.