Steel T1 Annealed vs T1 Hardened & Tempered
Steel · T1 temper comparison
T1 Annealed and T1 Hardened & Tempered are two conditions of the same steel grade, T1: Annealed versus Hardened & Tempered (quenched and tempered). The chemistry is identical, so every difference below comes from the condition. T1 Hardened & Tempered is the stronger of the two: tensile strength 2,200 MPa (319 ksi) against 860 MPa (125 ksi) for T1 Annealed, about 156% more. In exchange, T1 Annealed is the more ductile: elongation 20% versus 0.5% for T1 Hardened & Tempered, and T1 Hardened & Tempered is harder (810 HV vs 245 HV). T1 Hardened & Tempered runs hotter in service (550°C vs 400°C continuous). On the shop floor, T1 Annealed machines more easily (fair vs not recommended).
T1 AnnealedChoose it when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded, or when the part is machined in volume.
T1 Hardened & TemperedChoose it when strength drives the design, or when the part sees heat.
T1 Annealed vs T1 Hardened & Tempered: propertiesHow to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all steel grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
How to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all steel grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
T1 AnnealedT1 Hardened & Tempered
Mechanical
Strength, stiffness, ductility and hardness at room temperature.
Elastic (Young's) Modulus
Tensile Strength (Ultimate)
Elongation at Break
Compressive Strength
Shear Strength
Charpy V-Notch Impact (RT)
Hardness, Vickers
Same in both: Shear Modulus 84 GPa12.2 Msi · Bulk Modulus 165 GPa23.9 Msi · Poisson's Ratio 0.28 · Yield Strength (0.2% offset) 560 MPa81.2 ksi · Reduction in Area 32% · Hardness, Brinell 235 HB · Hardness, Rockwell B 99 HRB
Physical
Density and transition temperatures.
Same in both: Density 8.7 g/cm³0.31 lb/in³ · Melting Point (Solidus) 1,340°C2,444 °F · Liquidus Temperature 1,440°C2,624 °F
Thermal
How each material carries heat and how hot it can run.
Max Service Temperature (continuous)
Same in both: Thermal Conductivity 21 W/m·K12.1 BTU/hr·ft·°F · Specific Heat Capacity 420 J/kg·K0.1 BTU/lb·°F · Thermal Expansion (CTE, 20–100 °C) 11 µm/m·K6.1 µin/in·°F · Latent Heat of Fusion 250 J/g107 BTU/lb · Min Service Temperature -60°C-76 °F
Electrical
Conductivity and insulation.
Same in both: Electrical Conductivity 3.1 % IACS · Electrical Resistivity 5.5×10⁻⁷ Ω·m21.7 µΩ·in
Chemical & Environmental
Corrosion and environmental resistance (0–100 scores).
Same in both: Galvanic Potential (seawater, vs SCE) -0.55 V · Corrosion Resistance 22 / 100
Manufacturability
FabDigit workshop ratings (0–100 scores) — how each material behaves on the machine.
Machinability
Machinability Rating (AISI 1212 = 100 %)
Same in both: Weldability 15 / 100 · Formability (cold) 15 / 100 · Castability 25 / 100 · Brazeability / Solderability 55 / 100 · Polishability 60 / 100
Sustainability
Primary-production footprint per kilogram.
Same in both: Embodied Energy (primary production) 52 MJ/kg22,356 BTU/lb · Embodied Carbon (primary production) 3.6 kg CO₂/kg · Embodied Water 90 L/kg10.8 gal/lb · Typical Recycled Content 45%
Strength versus weight
Yield strength against density for every steel grade in the FabDigit library; the compared grades are highlighted. Up and left is stronger for its weight.
T1 Annealed vs T1 Hardened & Tempered — frequently asked
Is T1 Hardened & Tempered stronger than T1 Annealed?
Yes. T1 Hardened & Tempered has a typical tensile strength of 2,200 MPa (319 ksi) against 860 MPa (125 ksi) for T1 Annealed — about 156% more.
Which condition does FabDigit quote by default, Annealed or Hardened & Tempered?
Annealed is the default T1 condition in the FabDigit quote flow. The other condition is available on request or by drawing note — specify it in the material field or the part notes and the quote is priced for it.
Which is easier to machine, T1 Annealed or T1 Hardened & Tempered?
T1 Annealed. Its machinability rates fair (35/100) against not recommended (8/100) for T1 Hardened & Tempered.
Ready to make it?
Upload a CAD file and FabDigit prices the part in T1 Annealed and T1 Hardened & Tempered side by side — material, machining time, tolerance and finish in one quote. Certified material data ships with the order on request.
Typical handbook values for the conditions named above, normalised for comparison. Hardness on non-Brinell scales is converted approximately for charting only. Request certified data with your order for design-critical properties.