Steel D2 Annealed vs D2 Hardened & Tempered
Steel · D2 temper comparison
D2 Annealed and D2 Hardened & Tempered are two conditions of the same steel grade, D2: Annealed versus Hardened & Tempered (quenched and tempered). The chemistry is identical, so every difference below comes from the condition. D2 Hardened & Tempered is the stronger of the two: yield strength 1,700 MPa (247 ksi) against 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) for D2 Annealed, about 3.8 times as much; tensile strength follows at 2,000 MPa (290 ksi) vs 750 MPa (109 ksi). In exchange, D2 Annealed is the more ductile: elongation 15% versus 1% for D2 Hardened & Tempered, and D2 Hardened & Tempered is harder (697 HV vs 230 HV). D2 Annealed runs hotter in service (400°C vs 200°C continuous). On the shop floor, D2 Annealed machines more easily (poor vs not recommended).
D2 AnnealedChoose it when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded, or when the part sees heat.
D2 Hardened & TemperedChoose it when strength drives the design.
D2 Annealed vs D2 Hardened & Tempered: propertiesHow to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all steel grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
How to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all steel grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
D2 AnnealedD2 Hardened & Tempered
Mechanical
Strength, stiffness, ductility and hardness at room temperature.
Tensile Strength (Ultimate)
Yield Strength (0.2% offset)
Elongation at Break
Compressive Strength
Shear Strength
Fatigue Strength (Endurance Limit)
Charpy V-Notch Impact (RT)
Hardness, Vickers
Same in both: Elastic (Young's) Modulus 210 GPa30.5 Msi · Shear Modulus 80 GPa11.6 Msi · Bulk Modulus 160 GPa23.2 Msi · Poisson's Ratio 0.29 · Reduction in Area 30% · Hardness, Brinell 220 HB · Hardness, Rockwell B 97 HRB
Physical
Density and transition temperatures.
Same in both: Density 7.7 g/cm³0.28 lb/in³ · Melting Point (Solidus) 1,421°C2,590 °F
Thermal
How each material carries heat and how hot it can run.
Max Service Temperature (continuous)
Same in both: Thermal Conductivity 20 W/m·K11.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F · Specific Heat Capacity 460 J/kg·K0.11 BTU/lb·°F · Thermal Expansion (CTE, 20–100 °C) 10.5 µm/m·K5.8 µin/in·°F · Latent Heat of Fusion 250 J/g107 BTU/lb · Min Service Temperature -50°C-58 °F
Electrical
Conductivity and insulation.
Same in both: Electrical Conductivity 2.7 % IACS · Electrical Resistivity 6.5×10⁻⁷ Ω·m25.6 µΩ·in
Chemical & Environmental
Corrosion and environmental resistance (0–100 scores).
Same in both: Galvanic Potential (seawater, vs SCE) -0.35 V · Corrosion Resistance 28 / 100
Manufacturability
FabDigit workshop ratings (0–100 scores) — how each material behaves on the machine.
Machinability
Machinability Rating (AISI 1212 = 100 %)
Weldability
Same in both: Formability (cold) 15 / 100 · Castability 25 / 100 · Brazeability / Solderability 35 / 100 · Polishability 65 / 100
Sustainability
Primary-production footprint per kilogram.
Same in both: Embodied Energy (primary production) 36 MJ/kg15,477 BTU/lb · Embodied Carbon (primary production) 3 kg CO₂/kg · Embodied Water 80 L/kg9.6 gal/lb · Typical Recycled Content 45%
Strength versus weight
Yield strength against density for every steel grade in the FabDigit library; the compared grades are highlighted. Up and left is stronger for its weight.
D2 Annealed vs D2 Hardened & Tempered — frequently asked
Is D2 Hardened & Tempered stronger than D2 Annealed?
Yes. D2 Hardened & Tempered has a typical yield strength of 1,700 MPa (247 ksi) against 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) for D2 Annealed — about 3.8 times as much. Tensile strength is 2,000 MPa (290 ksi) vs 750 MPa (109 ksi).
Which condition does FabDigit quote by default, Annealed or Hardened & Tempered?
Annealed is the default D2 condition in the FabDigit quote flow. The other condition is available on request or by drawing note — specify it in the material field or the part notes and the quote is priced for it.
Which is easier to machine, D2 Annealed or D2 Hardened & Tempered?
D2 Annealed. Its machinability rates poor (30/100) against not recommended (5/100) for D2 Hardened & Tempered; for welding the order is D2 Annealed first (poor, 15/100) then D2 Hardened & Tempered (not recommended, 10/100).
Ready to make it?
Upload a CAD file and FabDigit prices the part in D2 Annealed and D2 Hardened & Tempered side by side — material, machining time, tolerance and finish in one quote. Certified material data ships with the order on request.
Typical handbook values for the conditions named above, normalised for comparison. Hardness on non-Brinell scales is converted approximately for charting only. Request certified data with your order for design-critical properties.