Stainless Steel 321 Cold Drawn vs 321 Solution Annealed
Stainless Steel · 321 temper comparison
321 Cold Drawn and 321 Solution Annealed are two conditions of the same stainless steel grade, 321: Cold Drawn versus Solution Annealed. The chemistry is identical, so every difference below comes from the condition. 321 Cold Drawn is the stronger of the two: yield strength 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) against 240 MPa (34.8 ksi) for 321 Solution Annealed, about 129% more; tensile strength follows at 760 MPa (110 ksi) vs 620 MPa (89.9 ksi). In exchange, 321 Solution Annealed is the more ductile: elongation 45% versus 22% for 321 Cold Drawn, and 321 Cold Drawn is harder (215 HB vs 150 HB).
321 Cold DrawnChoose it when strength drives the design.
321 Solution AnnealedChoose it when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded.
321 Cold Drawn vs 321 Solution Annealed: propertiesHow to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all stainless steel grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
How to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all stainless steel grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
321 Cold Drawn321 Solution Annealed
Mechanical
Strength, stiffness, ductility and hardness at room temperature.
Tensile Strength (Ultimate)
Yield Strength (0.2% offset)
Elongation at Break
Reduction in Area
Fatigue Strength (Endurance Limit)
Hardness, Brinell
Hardness, Rockwell B
Same in both: Elastic (Young's) Modulus 193 GPa28 Msi · Shear Modulus 77 GPa11.2 Msi · Bulk Modulus 150 GPa21.8 Msi · Poisson's Ratio 0.29 · Compressive Strength 240 MPa34.8 ksi · Shear Strength 420 MPa60.9 ksi · Fracture Toughness (K_IC) 200 MPa·√m182 ksi·√in · Charpy V-Notch Impact (RT) 120 J88.5 ft·lbf · Hardness, Vickers 160 HV
Physical
Density and transition temperatures.
Same in both: Density 7.9 g/cm³0.29 lb/in³ · Melting Point (Solidus) 1,398°C2,548 °F · Liquidus Temperature 1,427°C2,601 °F
Thermal
How each material carries heat and how hot it can run.
Same in both: Thermal Conductivity 16.1 W/m·K9.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F · Specific Heat Capacity 500 J/kg·K0.12 BTU/lb·°F · Thermal Expansion (CTE, 20–100 °C) 16.6 µm/m·K9.2 µin/in·°F · Latent Heat of Fusion 285 J/g123 BTU/lb · Max Service Temperature (continuous) 870°C1,598 °F · Min Service Temperature -196°C-321 °F
Electrical
Conductivity and insulation.
Same in both: Electrical Conductivity 2.4 % IACS · Electrical Resistivity 7.2×10⁻⁷ Ω·m28.3 µΩ·in
Chemical & Environmental
Corrosion and environmental resistance (0–100 scores).
Same in both: Galvanic Potential (seawater, vs SCE) -0.05 V · Corrosion Resistance 64 / 100
Manufacturability
FabDigit workshop ratings (0–100 scores) — how each material behaves on the machine.
Machinability
Machinability Rating (AISI 1212 = 100 %)
Formability (cold)
Same in both: Weldability 88 / 100 · Brazeability / Solderability 60 / 100 · Polishability 65 / 100
Sustainability
Primary-production footprint per kilogram.
Same in both: Embodied Energy (primary production) 60 MJ/kg25,795 BTU/lb · Embodied Carbon (primary production) 6 kg CO₂/kg · Embodied Water 200 L/kg24 gal/lb · Typical Recycled Content 60%
Strength versus weight
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade in the FabDigit library; the compared grades are highlighted. Up and left is stronger for its weight.
321 Cold Drawn vs 321 Solution Annealed — frequently asked
Is 321 Cold Drawn stronger than 321 Solution Annealed?
Yes. 321 Cold Drawn has a typical yield strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) against 240 MPa (34.8 ksi) for 321 Solution Annealed — about 129% more. Tensile strength is 760 MPa (110 ksi) vs 620 MPa (89.9 ksi).
Which condition does FabDigit quote by default, Cold Drawn or Solution Annealed?
Solution Annealed is the default 321 condition in the FabDigit quote flow. The other condition is available on request or by drawing note — specify it in the material field or the part notes and the quote is priced for it.
When should I choose 321 Cold Drawn over 321 Solution Annealed?
Pick 321 Cold Drawn when strength drives the design. Pick 321 Solution Annealed when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded.
Ready to make it?
Upload a CAD file and FabDigit prices the part in 321 Cold Drawn and 321 Solution Annealed side by side — material, machining time, tolerance and finish in one quote. Certified material data ships with the order on request.
Typical handbook values for the conditions named above, normalised for comparison. Hardness on non-Brinell scales is converted approximately for charting only. Request certified data with your order for design-critical properties.