Aluminum 2024-O vs 2024-T651
Aluminum · 2024 temper comparison
2024-O and 2024-T651 are two conditions of the same aluminum grade, 2024: O (annealed) versus T651 (T6, stress relieved by stretching). The chemistry is identical, so every difference below comes from the condition. 2024-T651 is the stronger of the two: yield strength 395 MPa (57.3 ksi) against 75 MPa (10.9 ksi) for 2024-O, about 5.3 times as much; tensile strength follows at 475 MPa (68.9 ksi) vs 185 MPa (26.8 ksi). In exchange, 2024-O is the more ductile: elongation 20% versus 8% for 2024-T651, and 2024-T651 is harder (125 HB vs 47 HB). 2024-O runs hotter in service (200°C vs 150°C continuous) and 2024-O conducts heat better (193 W/m·K vs 151 W/m·K). On the shop floor, 2024-T651 machines more easily (very good vs fair).
2024-OChoose it when the part is bent, formed or impact-loaded, or when the part sees heat.
2024-T651Choose it when strength drives the design, or when the part is machined in volume.
2024-O vs 2024-T651: propertiesHow to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all aluminum grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
How to read these bars
- One bar per material. A full bar is the highest value among all aluminum grades in the FabDigit library; each bar is drawn as a share of that.
- The better value (by the usual engineering direction) is in bold. Rows with no direction — density, thermal conductivity — have no bold.
- Values are typical room-temperature figures for the condition named on each card.
- Confirm against the certified mill or resin datasheet before design release.
Mechanical
Strength, stiffness, ductility and hardness at room temperature.
Bulk Modulus
Tensile Strength (Ultimate)
Yield Strength (0.2% offset)
Elongation at Break
Compressive Strength
Shear Strength
Fatigue Strength (Endurance Limit)
Fracture Toughness (K_IC)
Hardness, Brinell
Hardness, Vickers
Same in both: Elastic (Young's) Modulus 73.1 GPa10.6 Msi · Shear Modulus 28 GPa4.1 Msi · Poisson's Ratio 0.33 · Hardness, Rockwell B 75 HRB
Physical
Density and transition temperatures.
Same in both: Density 2.78 g/cm³0.1 lb/in³ · Melting Point (Solidus) 502°C936 °F · Liquidus Temperature 638°C1,180 °F
Thermal
How each material carries heat and how hot it can run.
Thermal Conductivity
Max Service Temperature (continuous)
Same in both: Specific Heat Capacity 875 J/kg·K0.21 BTU/lb·°F · Thermal Expansion (CTE, 20–100 °C) 22.9 µm/m·K12.7 µin/in·°F · Latent Heat of Fusion 390 J/g168 BTU/lb · Min Service Temperature -196°C-321 °F
Electrical
Conductivity and insulation.
Electrical Conductivity
Electrical Resistivity
Chemical & Environmental
Corrosion and environmental resistance (0–100 scores).
Galvanic Potential (seawater, vs SCE)
Corrosion Resistance
Manufacturability
FabDigit workshop ratings (0–100 scores) — how each material behaves on the machine.
Machinability
Machinability Rating (AISI 1212 = 100 %)
Weldability
Formability (cold)
Brazeability / Solderability
Polishability
Same in both: Castability 10 / 100
Sustainability
Primary-production footprint per kilogram.
Embodied Water
Typical Recycled Content
Same in both: Embodied Energy (primary production) 200 MJ/kg85,985 BTU/lb · Embodied Carbon (primary production) 12.5 kg CO₂/kg
Strength versus weight
Yield strength against density for every aluminum grade in the FabDigit library; the compared grades are highlighted. Up and left is stronger for its weight.
2024-O vs 2024-T651 — frequently asked
Is 2024-T651 stronger than 2024-O?
Yes. 2024-T651 has a typical yield strength of 395 MPa (57.3 ksi) against 75 MPa (10.9 ksi) for 2024-O — about 5.3 times as much. Tensile strength is 475 MPa (68.9 ksi) vs 185 MPa (26.8 ksi).
Which condition does FabDigit quote by default, O or T651?
T3 is the default 2024 condition in the FabDigit quote flow (neither O nor T651). The other condition is available on request or by drawing note — specify it in the material field or the part notes and the quote is priced for it.
Which is easier to machine, 2024-O or 2024-T651?
2024-T651. Its machinability rates very good (75/100) against fair (45/100) for 2024-O.
Ready to make it?
Upload a CAD file and FabDigit prices the part in 2024-O and 2024-T651 side by side — material, machining time, tolerance and finish in one quote. Certified material data ships with the order on request.
Typical handbook values for the conditions named above, normalised for comparison. Hardness on non-Brinell scales is converted approximately for charting only. Request certified data with your order for design-critical properties.