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Steel A352 Grade LC9 vs 35# vs WC1 vs WC4

Benchmark · 4 materials

Side-by-side benchmark of 4 steel grades.

A352 Grade LC9 vs 35# and 2 more: properties

A352 Grade LC935#WC1WC4

Mechanical

Strength, stiffness, ductility and hardness at room temperature.

Elastic (Young's) Modulus

190 GPa27.6 Msi
207 GPa30 Msi
205 GPa29.7 Msi
200 GPa29 Msi

Shear Modulus

74 GPa10.7 Msi
80 GPa11.6 Msi
80 GPa11.6 Msi
78 GPa11.3 Msi

Bulk Modulus

155 GPa22.5 Msi
160 GPa23.2 Msi
160 GPa23.2 Msi
160 GPa23.2 Msi

Tensile Strength (Ultimate)

900 MPa131 ksi
560 MPa81.2 ksi
520 MPa75.4 ksi
545 MPa79 ksi

Yield Strength (0.2% offset)

640 MPa92.8 ksi
330 MPa47.9 ksi
305 MPa44.2 ksi
335 MPa48.6 ksi

Elongation at Break

22%
22%
28%
24%

Reduction in Area

48%
50%
48%
50%

Compressive Strength

630 MPa91.4 ksi
—
300 MPa43.5 ksi
340 MPa49.3 ksi

Shear Strength

540 MPa78.3 ksi
400 MPa58 ksi
340 MPa49.3 ksi
340 MPa49.3 ksi

Fatigue Strength (Endurance Limit)

375 MPa54.4 ksi
250 MPa36.3 ksi
210 MPa30.5 ksi
235 MPa34.1 ksi

Fracture Toughness (K_IC)

145 MPa·√m132 ksi·√in
55 MPa·√m50.1 ksi·√in
130 MPa·√m118 ksi·√in
120 MPa·√m109 ksi·√in

Charpy V-Notch Impact (RT)

155 J114 ft·lbf
60 J44.3 ft·lbf
50 J36.9 ft·lbf
48 J35.4 ft·lbf

Hardness, Brinell

260 HB
160 HB
160 HB
163 HB

Hardness, Rockwell C

26 HRC
—
—
—

Hardness, Vickers

268 HV
168 HV
168 HV
—

Hardness, Rockwell B

—
83 HRB
84 HRB
85 HRB

Same in both: Poisson's Ratio 0.29

Physical

Density and transition temperatures.

Density

7.85 g/cm³0.28 lb/in³
7.85 g/cm³0.28 lb/in³
7.85 g/cm³0.28 lb/in³
7.83 g/cm³0.28 lb/in³

Melting Point (Solidus)

1,440°C2,624 °F
1,425°C2,597 °F
1,425°C2,597 °F
1,425°C2,597 °F

Liquidus Temperature

1,500°C2,732 °F
1,500°C2,732 °F
1,505°C2,741 °F
1,500°C2,732 °F

Thermal

How each material carries heat and how hot it can run.

Thermal Conductivity

29 W/m·K16.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F
49 W/m·K28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F
42 W/m·K24.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F
42 W/m·K24.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg·K0.11 BTU/lb·°F
477 J/kg·K0.11 BTU/lb·°F
470 J/kg·K0.11 BTU/lb·°F
470 J/kg·K0.11 BTU/lb·°F

Thermal Expansion (CTE, 20–100 °C)

10.3 µm/m·K5.7 µin/in·°F
11.6 µm/m·K6.4 µin/in·°F
12.2 µm/m·K6.8 µin/in·°F
12.3 µm/m·K6.8 µin/in·°F

Latent Heat of Fusion

270 J/g116 BTU/lb
250 J/g107 BTU/lb
270 J/g116 BTU/lb
270 J/g116 BTU/lb

Max Service Temperature (continuous)

340°C644 °F
400°C752 °F
455°C851 °F
540°C1,004 °F

Min Service Temperature

-196°C-321 °F
-20°C-4 °F
-29°C-20 °F
-29°C-20 °F

Electrical

Conductivity and insulation.

Electrical Resistivity

4.5×10⁻⁷ Ω·m17.7 µΩ·in
1.7×10⁻⁷ Ω·m6.69 µΩ·in
2×10⁻⁷ Ω·m7.87 µΩ·in
2.2×10⁻⁷ Ω·m8.66 µΩ·in

Electrical Conductivity

—
10 % IACS
8.5 % IACS
7.8 % IACS

Chemical & Environmental

Corrosion and environmental resistance (0–100 scores).

Galvanic Potential (seawater, vs SCE)

-0.6 V
-0.65 V
-0.61 V
-0.62 V

Corrosion Resistance

16 / 100
11 / 100
12 / 100
14 / 100

Manufacturability

FabDigit workshop ratings (0–100 scores) — how each material behaves on the machine.

Machinability

38 / 100
60 / 100
58 / 100
58 / 100

Machinability Rating (AISI 1212 = 100 %)

45%
65%
60%
60%

Weldability

45 / 100
55 / 100
70 / 100
55 / 100

Formability (cold)

20 / 100
45 / 100
20 / 100
20 / 100

Castability

55 / 100
35 / 100
70 / 100
70 / 100

Brazeability / Solderability

40 / 100
65 / 100
55 / 100
45 / 100

Polishability

50 / 100
55 / 100
50 / 100
45 / 100

Sustainability

Primary-production footprint per kilogram.

Embodied Energy (primary production)

34 MJ/kg14,617 BTU/lb
25 MJ/kg10,748 BTU/lb
26 MJ/kg11,178 BTU/lb
26 MJ/kg11,178 BTU/lb

Embodied Carbon (primary production)

2.7 kg CO₂/kg
1.9 kg CO₂/kg
2.1 kg CO₂/kg
2 kg CO₂/kg

Embodied Water

65 L/kg7.8 gal/lb
40 L/kg4.8 gal/lb
55 L/kg6.6 gal/lb
55 L/kg6.6 gal/lb

Typical Recycled Content

60%
25%
80%
75%

Common Calculations

Ratios derived from the values above.

Specific Strength (UTS / density)

115 kN·m/kg
71 kN·m/kg
66 kN·m/kg
70 kN·m/kg

Specific Stiffness (E / density)

24.2 MN·m/kg
26.4 MN·m/kg
26.1 MN·m/kg
25.5 MN·m/kg

Modulus of Resilience

1,078 kJ/m³
263 kJ/m³
227 kJ/m³
281 kJ/m³

Thermal Diffusivity

7.9 mm²/s
13.1 mm²/s
11.4 mm²/s
11.4 mm²/s

Thermal Shock Resistance Index

13
11
9
9

Strength versus weight

Yield strength against density for every steel grade in the FabDigit library; the compared grades are highlighted. Up and left is stronger for its weight.

2005001,0002,0007.588.5Density (g/cm³)Yield strength (MPa) — log scale35#WC1WC4A352 Grade LC9

Manufacturing and finishing

CapabilityA352 Grade LC935#WC1WC4
CNC machining—Yes——
Sheet metal—Yes——
Default condition—HR——
Relative cost$$$ Premium$ Budget$$ Standard$$ Standard
Min. machined wall—0.8 mm——
Best machined surface—Ra 1.6 µm——
AlCrN—Yes——
AlTiN—Yes——
Black Oxide—Yes——
CVD Al2O3—Yes——
CVD TiCN—Yes——
CVD TiN—Yes——
Cerakote—Yes——
Chrome Plating—Yes——
CrN—Yes——
DLC—Yes——
E-Coating—Yes——
HVOF Coating—Yes——
Hot-Dip Galvanizing—Yes——
MoS2—Yes——
Multilayer CVD—Yes——
Nickel Plating—Yes——
PTFE Coating—Yes——
Painting—Yes——

They share 9 finishes: Copper Plating, Electroless Nickel (EN), Epoxy Coating, Gold Plating, Hard Chrome Plating, Manganese Phosphate, Plasma Spray, Silver Plating, Zinc Phosphate.

Ready to make it?

Upload a CAD file and FabDigit prices the part in A352 Grade LC9 and 35# side by side — material, machining time, tolerance and finish in one quote. Certified material data ships with the order on request.

Typical handbook values for the conditions named above, normalised for comparison. Hardness on non-Brinell scales is converted approximately for charting only. Request certified data with your order for design-critical properties.